Articles of Confederation & Constitutions
What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do?
Gave a pathway for a US territory to become a state.
The gathering of American Delegates in 1787 to create a new American constitution.
The Constitutional Convention
AKA the Connecticut Compromise. This compromise settles the dispute between the VA Plan & the NJ Plan. It declared:
We have three separate branches
We have the power of Congress to tax
We create a bicameral legislature: One house based on population (House of Representatives) and one house is equal (Senate)
The Great Compromise
Name two criteria of Hamilton's Economic Plan.
The government pays off debt from the revolution by issuing new bonds (funding)
Wanted the current bondholders to have a stake in the new government (rich men)
The federal government assumes (takes over) the debts of the states
Create a national bank to hold the nation’s revenue and to be a source of loans
This treaty is the equivalent of Mr. Busche walking into your house and refusing to leave unless you pay him 2000 bucks.
You: America
Mr. Busche: The British
Jay's Treaty
This person was in George Washington's cabinet as his Secretary of State. He believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson
What is the first constitution of the US?
The Articles of Confederation
When the US Constitution was being created, this plan was supported by states with a higher population. These states wanted 3 separate branches, a bicameral legislature, and representation based on population.
The Virginia Plan.
This plan seeked to solve the issue of representation for slaves in southern states. It declared
Every 3 out of 5 slaves will count toward a state’s population for allocating representatives
Forbid Congress from blocking the importation of slaves for the next 20 years
3/5 Compromise
Describe the difference between Federalists and Anti Federalist.
Federalists
Supporters of Hamilton
Wanted a strong central government
Supporters included wealthy northerners and some elite plantation owners
Wanted a loose interpretation of the Constitution
Antifederalists
Wanted a strict interpretation of the constitution
Supporters of Jefferson
Supporters were the ‘common man’ which included rural northerners, southerners and back country folk
Wanted a limited central government and strong state governments
What came first of these two events: The Battle of New Orleans or the Treaty of Ghent?
The Treaty of Ghent
John Adams sent US delegates to meet the French Foreign Minister because the French were seizing American ships. Instead, U.S. delegates met with 3 low-level French officials who tried to bribe them.
XYZ Affair
What rebellion showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation?
Shay's Rebellion
When the US Constitution was being created, this plan was supported by states with a lower population. These states wanted to give Congress the right to tax and regulate trade, a unicameral legislature, and ensure that representation would be equal among states.
The New Jersey Plan
If Destiny is brought in for questioning about a robbery and refuses to answer any questions pertaining to the event, what amendment is she using?
5th Amendment, the right to remain silent
Which act set up the Supreme Court and declared Federal Law the "Supreme law of the Land".
Judiciary Act of 1789
This incident occurred when a French man attempted to recruit Americans for the war effort against Britain. Washington attempted to send him home.
The Citizen Genet Incident
When a country's citizens place the interests of a region above the nation as a whole.
Sectionalism
Name two of the three successes of the Articles of Confederation.
Signing of the Treaty of 1783, Northwest Land Ordinance of 1787, and Land Proclamation of 1785
Constitutional Principle: A system of government that divides power between the national government and the states' governments, typically based on a constitution.
Federalism
Rob is caught illegally jaywalking. A judge sentences him to receive 567 lashes from a cat o' nine tails. (20 typically means death). What amendment is being crossed in the incident?
8th Amendment. Freedom from cruel and unusual punishment
This clause of the Constitution is sometimes called the "elastic clause." It grants Congress the powers that are implied in the Constitution but are not written verbatim in the document.
Necessary & Proper Clause.
If John Marshall decided on a court case, who would it likely give more power to?
The National Government
These acts were passed by Federalist heightening the regulations for US citizenship and barring any speech expressing false or scandalous statements about the US Government
Alien and Sedition Acts
Name 3 problems with the Articles of Confederation:
The national government had no real authority.
No Executive Branch
Congress could only request the help of states (left on read)
No national taxes = no government funds
National Debt- Not the States’ Problem
No standing army
Could not get the British to leave the colonies
Representatives would often be absent
13/13 to amend the Articles
9/13 to approve before a bill was passed
Could not enforce any laws that it did pass.
Tariffs and Currencies among States (Trade & Price Issues)
No Judicial Branch
Relied on state courts to interpret national laws
The constitutional principle in which the power resides with the people through their elected officials.
Republicanism
Name 5 parts of the 1st Amendment
Speech, Religion, Petition, Assemble, Media
After meeting in the "room where it happened", Thomas Jefferson agreed to Hamilton's plan for what?
Washington DC is to be put in his backyard, taking land from the state of Maryland, yet bordering his home state of VA.
What are the two major points George Washington made in his Farewell Address?
1. Stay Neutral and Isolated
2. Do not form political parties
The Election of 1800 saw the death of the _________ Party.
Federalist
Explain the difference between Bicameral and Unicameral Legislatures. Which do we have today in the US?
Today, Bicameral: Two-body Legislature
Unicameral: One-body Legislature
Name two examples of the constitutional principle of Checks and Balances.
Judicial Review
Veto Power & overturning the veto
Executive orders (unofficial)
Supreme Court Judge Appointments
ETC
What do the 9th & 10th Amendments have in common? Tell me what they are for 200 points.
They both directly restrict the power of the government.
9: Citizens have rights not directly expressed in the Constitution.
10: All powers not directly expressed in the Constitution will be given to the states or People
George Washington made this Proclamation while both England and France asked for his nation's support in their war with each other.
Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
What precedent was established by the court case Marbury vs. Madison
Judicial Review
Thomas Jefferson is notorious for putting aside his "strict interpretation of the Constitution" for this purchase, doubling the size of the US.
Louisiana Purchase