Circulation & Transport
What blood cells carry oxygen to body cells and have hemoglobin?
Red Blood Cells
What is the missing reactant in this formula: [ ] + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + Energy.
Glucose
Which two body systems interact in the lungs to move oxygen into the blood?
Respiratory & Circulatory
As exercise time increases, what happens to breathing rate and heart rate?
As exercise time increases, breathing rate increases and heart rate increases
Name the body system that transports gases, wastes, and food molecules to and from body cells.
Circulatory system (blood vessels / blood)
Which molecule is produced as a waste during cellular respiration along with water?
Carbon dioxide
Explain how the digestive and circulatory systems work together to supply glucose to muscle cells.
Digestive system breaks food into glucose; circulatory system transports glucose in the blood to cells
How do glucose levels in the cell change during exercise?
Glucose in the cell decreases
Describe the path oxygen takes from the air sac (alveoli) in the lung to a muscle cell (include the two main organs/systems it passes through).
Air sac (lung) → oxygen into blood (via alveoli) → blood to heart → heart pumps blood to muscle → oxygen diffuses into muscle cell
What organelle in the muscle cell uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and energy?
Mitochondria
Describe 2 ways the respiratory & circulatory systems cooperate during exercise to meet cells’ needs.
Respiratory systems brings O₂ into lungs; circulatory transports O₂ to cells and removes CO₂; increased heart and breathing rates speed delivery and removal
Explain why glucose decreases in the cell during activity.
Cells use glucose for energy during exercise, increased activity consumes more glucose for respiration.
Explain why blood returning back to the heart from the cells is oxygen poor.
Oxygen was used for respiration and CO2 was released as a waste product back to the blood.
Explain why athletes need foods high in carbohydrates for long-distance activity (focus on cell respiration).
Carbohydrates (glucose) provide fuel that cells break down with oxygen to make energy for muscles during long activity
Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems deliver oxygen to cells for cellular respiration.
Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds O₂ in the lungs (where O₂ is high) and transports it through the circulatory system; at body cells (where O₂ is low) hemoglobin releases O₂ so cells can do cellular respiration
If a student with diabetes exercised, how might resting glucose levels be different? Explain.
Glucose levels would be lower but their breathing rate would be the same since glucose cannot get in the cells.
Explain why red blood cells release oxygen to body cells during exercise. Include what happens between the red blood cells and oxygen in your answer.
During exercise tissues have lower oxygen concentration, so hemoglobin releases O₂; increased blood flow and faster breathing bring more O₂ to replace it
Using the cellular respiration formula, explain how energy is produced from food: include the reactants and major products using the correct names.
Glucose and oxygen react in cells (cellular respiration) to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy; glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
Explain how low levels of oxygen in the body cells would affect someone’s ability to run long distances. Include how at least two systems would be involved.
Low oxygen levels would make less energy and tire sooner; the respiratory system would need to increase breathing and the circulatory system would need to pump more blood to try to supply more O₂
Describe how the skin helps the body return to normal temperature after body temperature rises during exercise. Include two specific responses.
Skin responses: blood vessels dilate to increase blood flow to the skin (heat loss), sweat glands secrete fluid which evaporates and cools the body; together these lower body temperature and restore homeostasis