Prokaryote vs Eukaryote: Ultimate Showdown
A newly found bacteria has a cell wall, cytoplasm, and free-floating DNA. Is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
Prokaryote
This is the name of the process that divides a cell into two identical cells
binary fission
This is the full name of the scientist who developed gram staining
Hans Christian Gram
This sticky, gelatinous covering over some bacteria is often described as a capsule
Glycocalyx
This is the first life on earth
prokaryotes
The DNA of this type of bacteria is a circular chromosome called a plasmid
prokaryote
Binary fission occurs typically in which type of cell- prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes
This is the name of the primary stain used in gram-staining
Crystal violet
This long, filamentous appendage propels bacteria
Flagella
Eukaryotic bacteria are theorized to have come about by engulfing what type of cells?
Other prokaryotic cells
This type of bacteria has a simple cell wall that typically lacks peptidoglycan
Eukaryotes
This complex process of division involves 5 distinct phases and a spindle apparatus
Meiosis
This bacteria is slightly easier to treat in a clinical setting due to its large content of peptidoglycan
Gram-positive
This is the part of the flagella that anchors it the cell wall
The basal body
Which organelles are thought to have been once free-living bacteria?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
The area of this bacteria that controls gene expression is double-membrane bound and contains both DNA and RNA
Eukaryote
Meiosis typically occurs in which type of cell?
Eukaryote
This describes why gram-positive bacteria retain their purple stain after being decolorized with alcohol
The iodine forms a complex with the crystal violet in the thick layer of peptidoglycan and is not disrupted
A bacteria that has many flagella on one end may be described as
lophotrichous
What characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts make scientists think they may have once been free-living bacteria? Must get at least 3 to get points
-Own DNA
-Own ability to synthesize proteins
-own ability to generate energy
-can divide independently of the cell
This is the organelle found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic bacteria
Ribosomes
This process of reproduction occurs only in specific kinds of cell and involves crossing over of genetic information
What is sexual reproduction/meosis
A patient with a suspected bacterial infection comes into the hospital, having treated themselves with leftover penicillin from an ear infection. They present with a fever, a blood clot in their leg, and symptoms of sepsis. Is their infection caused by a gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria? Why?
Gram-negative
More pathogenic
How long ago did eukaryotes evolve from prokaryotes?
2.5 billion years ago