The Age of Reason
Absolute Monarchs
England/ Enlightenment Ideas
Enlightenment Part II
Influence on the American Revolution, misc.
100
This was a period of time from the 1500-1750s were reason, the scientific method, and questioning the church and the world around them began.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
100
A leader who has divine right, no separation of powers, and centralized power.
What is an absolute monarch?
100
This war was fought by the Royalists (Cavaliers) and the Puritan supporters of Parliament (Roundheads). The Roundheads were eventually led by Oliver Cromwell, who after the war became the leader when Charles I was beheaded.
What is the English Civil War?
100
This era started in France and was where people began to challenge government systems with reason.
What is the Enlightenment?
100
This document was written by Thomas Jefferson and was heavily influenced by John Locke.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
200
This person changed the world's view of an earth-centered universe (geo-centric) to a sun-centered universe (helio-centric).
Who is Nicolas Copernicus?
200
This leader was known as the Sun King, lived in the Palace of Versailles, and lived in France during the 1600-1700's.
Who is Louis XIV?
200
This was the period after Oliver Cromwell's government failed, and Charles II was asked to take over the throne. Also during this period, Parliament passed habeas corpus.
What is the English Restoration?
200
This Enlightenment thinker believed in natural rights, democracy, limited government, and the ability to overthrow your government if it was not abiding by its social contract.
Who is John Locke?
200
This Enlightenment thinker believed in general will, limited government, and consent of the governed.
Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau?
300
This scientist discovered the moon was not smooth by improving the telescope (instead, it was bumpy!) and was most well-known for dropping two balls off of the Tower of Pisa and discovering the concept of gravity. His works were later condemned by the church and he was forced to recant his ideas.
Who is Galileo?
300
This leader ruled Russia and wanted to westernize it. This leader also established St. Petersburg, so the country could have a warm water port, and created reforms like: -having potatoes as a staple crop -started first newspaper -expanded women's status/ rights -ordered nobles to switch to western fashions -advanced education
Who is Peter the Great?
300
This event was when James II became King and threatened the county with Catholicism. When Parliament protested, he dissolves it. Members of Parliament seek out William and Mary to become king and queen. James II flees and William and Mary become the monarchs in a bloodless overthrow.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
300
This was a theory promoted by Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau that people give up certain freedoms, in return for protection by their government.
What is the social contract?
300
This American document directly references Enlightened philosophe ideas, such as freedom of religion, speech, etc.
What is the U.S. Bill of Rights?
400
This scientist generated the laws of gravity, which challenged the originally accepted ideas of the church.
Who is Sir Isaac Newton?
400
Unlike France and Russia, in the 1600's this country had separate powers where Parliament and a court-system were established.
What is England?
400
After the Glorious Revolution, William and Mary were forced to abide by a constitution (therefore, becoming a constitutional/ limited monarchy). This part of the constitution made clear the limits of royal power, stating things like no suspending of Parliament's laws, no interfering with freedom of speech, etc.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
400
This individual was a huge advocate for freedom of speech, self-determination, and freedom of religion. Because of this, he was heavily referenced by the American government.
Who is Voltaire?
400
This was a European war fought on American soil in which the American colonists felt deceived because they received nothing from the British (who they allied with) and had to help pay off this immense debt through unfair taxes.
What is the French and Indian War?
500
Generated in the 1700's by Renee Descartes and Sir Francis Bacon, this was a new way to find scientific truths. This was based off of observation, experimentation, and challenging an accepted hypothesis.
What is the scientific method?
500
This leader ultimately caused the English Civil War by claiming his divine right to Parliament, by levying taxes, by marrying a Catholic, and by not following the Petition of Right.
Who is Charles I?
500
An Enlightenment philosopher who challenged the governmental systems of the 1600-1800's.
What is a philosophe?
500
This individual established the idea of separation of powers and checks and balances, which was borrowed by the U.S.
Who is Montesquieu?
500
This is the theory where freedom of the people of a given area to determine their own political status.
What is self-determination?
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