Lesson 12
This was the main route cowboys used to herd cattle north in the late 1800s.
What is the Chisholm Trail?
This inventor held over 1,000 patents, including the practical lightbulb and phonograph, and was nicknamed the "Wizard of Menlo Park."
Who is Thomas Edison?
The social class that performed manual labor and was crushed “below the point of separation” according to Henry George.
What was the working class
This violent form of persecution in Russia forced over a million Jews to flee to the United States in the late 1800s.
What was Pogrom
Major changes in key cities in 1910.
What was the majority of the population in key cities were foreign-born residents/ immigrants
The main reason for demanding the transcontinental railroad.
What is to transport goods faster?
Henry Ford’s innovation, using conveyor belts to move car parts to workers, drastically reduced production time and costs.
What is the moving assembly line (or assembly line)?
This labor organization, founded in 1886, focused on skilled workers and emphasized "bread-and-butter" goals like higher wages and shorter work days.
What was the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
This disease, checked for using a buttonhook during eye exams at Ellis Island, was the leading cause of deportation due to its contagious threat of blindness.
What was Trachoma
A political machine in New York City, who in the early 1870s cheated $200 million
What was the Tammany Hall
The Dawes Act encouraged Indigenous people to do this.
What is to assimilate into white culture?
This 1890 law aimed to limit monopolies and trusts but was poorly enforced due to vague language and pro-business court rulings.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
This 1894 strike began when a company cut wages but did not reduce rent in its company-owned town; it ended when President Cleveland sent in federal troops.
What was the Pullman strike
This type of community center provided immigrants with child care, education, health services, and recreation in urban ethnic neighborhoods during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
What were Settlement Houses
It was a novel about unsanitary conditions in meatpacking plants, that was written by a muckraker
What was the novel The Jungle?
This political philosophy, central to the Farmers' protests, prioritizes the common person over the wealthy or businesses.
What is Populism?
George Washington Carver promoted planting these crops to restore soil depleted by cotton, creating over 350 products like peanut butter.
What are peanuts, sweet potatoes, or cowpeas?
Although unions won small victories like higher wages and shorter workweeks, this 1894 court case upheld the use of broad injunctions to break strikes, setting a precedent that weakened union power.
What was In re Debs?
This 1882 law was the first U.S. immigration policy to restrict entry based on nationality, banning laborers from one Asian country and preventing them from becoming citizens.
What was the Chinese Exclusion Act
Businesses that take mineral resources from the earth
What were extractive industries?
These two federal laws greatly influenced the transformation of the Great Plains in the late 1800s.
What are the Homestead Act and the Morrill Land-Grant Act?
Josephine Cochrane invented this machine, winning an award at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair.
What is the dishwasher?
This law, originally intended to prevent monopolies, was used against labor unions during the Pullman Strike to justify an injunction limiting workers' ability to strike.
What was the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Before 1900, this group of immigrants often crossed into the U.S. through the northern border, mostly from the province of Quebec, and worked in textile mills and lumber camps in New England.
Who were French Canadians
Common problem for cities’ fire protection infrastructure.
What were roads and sidewalks that were often made of flammable wood