Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
These were the 4 "Fathers of the Scientific Revolution".
Who are Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo, Isaac Newton, and Francis Bacon
This 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal, negotiated by the Pope, divided newly discovered lands between the two nations.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This document will launch the colonies into war with Great Britain.
What is the Declaration of Independence?
This group of thinkers encouraged change and reform, with Jean-Jacques Rousseau being a notable example.
What are Enlightenment thinkers?
This former slave led a successful revolt against French control in Haiti, becoming a key figure in the Haitian Revolution.
Who is Toussaint L'Ouverture?
This major intellectual movement emerged from the Scientific Revolution, centered in Paris, and ended with the French Revolution.
What is the Enlightenment?
This French explorer claimed Canada for France in 1534 while searching for the Northwest Passage, leading to a profitable fur trade.
Who is Jacques Cartier?
This European nation helped the American colonies win their independence, despite being a monarchy themselves at the time.
What is France?
During the French Revolution, this dramatic event in Summer 1789 became a symbol of uprising against royal authority.
What is the Storming of the Bastille?
Independent (military) leaders who dominated local areas by force.
What are Caudillos?
This period from 1542 to 1700 saw the development of new ways to study the universe and the creation of new ideas and discoveries.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
These three "G's" motivated European exploration and include Gold, God, and this third reason representing power and status.
What is Glory?
Following their war with France, Britain attempted to recover their financial losses by implementing these two revenue-generating measures in the American colonies.
What are taxes and tariffs?
This growing social class wanted greater political role and represented merchants and professionals.
What is the middle class/bourgeoisie?
Despite independence, this institution remained highly influential in Latin American society and helped maintain traditional European customs.
What is the Catholic Church?
Prior to the Scientific Revolution, this term was used to describe what we now call science, and it was mixed with theology and alchemy.
What is Natural Philosophy?
This complex system of exchange between Europe, Africa, and the Americas included crops like potatoes and tobacco, while also spreading diseases like smallpox.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This important document, generated in 1787, established the framework for the new American government.
What is the Constitution?
This period saw thousands executed by guillotine under Maximilien Robespierre's radical reforms.
What is the Reign of Terror?
This ambitious political project led by Simon Bolivar to unite much of South America ultimately failed, demonstrating the challenge of political fragmentation.
What is Gran Colombia?
This philosophical concept viewed God as setting natural laws in motion rather than actively regulating the universe.
What is Deism?
This English "pirate" sailed around the world from 1577-1580, claimed California for England, and later defeated the Spanish Armada.
Who is Sir Francis Drake?
Prior to the Revolution, colonists were generally content remaining part of the British Empire for these two major advantages (benefits).
What are protection in war and access to British markets?
After Napoleon's defeat, this meeting sought to restore the balance of Europe and monarchy in France.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
These two opposing political groups in newly independent Latin American nations differed on how the government should be structured, with one favoring strong central control and the other supporting regional power.
What are Centralists and Federalists?