Rationalism
The ability to think in an ordered, logical manner that enabled people to discover both scientific and spiritual truth
Reason
Romanticism emphasized _____________________ as a gateway to transcendent experience and spiritual truth
imagination
Transcendentalism is the view that ____________________________ lie beyond the knowledge we obtain from our senses, reason, logic, or laws of science
the basic truths of the universe
Such is the cross I wear upon my breast // These eighteen years, through all the changing scenes // And seasons, changeless since the day she died.
Longfellow's "Cross of Snow"
Which movement sought to capture the sublime through majestic paintings of North American landscapes?
Romanticism
They focused less on hell or life after death and instead had more concern with.....
creating a better life on earth.
What is the historical context of the Romanticism Movement in America
The Industrial Revolution (late 1700s - early 1900s) overlaps with the Romantic Movement - Industry and technology flourished, with economic growth bringing both great promise and serious social issues
Transcendentalists believed that through ______________________ and ___________________ human beings could reunite with God
individualism and self-reliance
During my brother's confinement, which I resented a good deal, notwithstanding our private differences, I had the management of the paper; and I made bold to give our rulers some rubs in it, which my brother took very kindly, while others began to consider me in an unfavorable light, as a young genius that had a turn for libeling and satyr.
Franklin's Autobiography
How did the Rationalists regard the city?
The Rationalists believed the city to be a place to find success and self-realization
Define Rationalism
the belief that human beings can arrive at truth by using reason, rather than by relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition
The Romantics associated the _________________ with independence, moral clarity, and healthful living
countryside
Unlike Puritans, Transcendentalists saw humans and nature as possessing ________________________
an innate goodness
Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing. The sun illuminates only the eye of the man, but shines into the eye and the heart of the child. The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other; who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood.
Emerson's "Nature"
The Declaration of Independence was written and founded upon ________________ assumptions/perspectives
Rationalist
What is the historical context of the Rationalism movement in America?
Conflict with Great Britain // The Revolutionary War // Establishing America
Define Escapsim
The tendency to seek distraction and relief from unpleasant realities, especially by seeking entertainment or engaging in fantasy
How did the Transcendentalists feel about strict ritualism and established religion?
Transcendentalists opposed these things in favor of an individual connection with God
I have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my secret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could invent.
What literary device is the author utilizing in these lines: "The little waves, with their soft, white hands, // Efface the footprints in the sands"
Define Deism
the belief that God made it possible for all people at all times to discover natural laws through their God-given power of reason
Define the Sublime
An overwhelming sense of passion, wonder, and astonishment that completely overtakes a reader’s/observer’s thoughts and emotion
Explain Emerson's concept of an "Over-Soul"
a Supreme Mind that every man and woman share -basically God
"During a long summer’s afternoon he searched about the gloomy place, but no wife was to be seen. He called her name repeatedly, but she was nowhere to be heard. The bittern alone responded to his voice, as they flew screaming by; or the bullfrog croaked dolefully from a neighboring pool. At length, it is said, just in the brown hour of twilight, when the owls began to hoot, and the bats to flit about, his attention was attracted by the clamor of carrion crows hovering about a cypress tree."
What is a theme of Cross of Snow?
Grief is a heavy and long lasting emotional experience