Renaissance and Reformation
This Renaissance philosophy emphasized human potential and renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman learning.
What is humanism?
This movement changed how people studied nature during the 1500s and 1600s.
What is the Scientific Revolution? It encouraged inquiry, observation, and experimentation.
Columbus hoped his expedition would find a faster route to this part of the world.
What is Asia?
This exchange moved plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Americas and the Eastern Hemisphere after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This team won the 2026 World Cup
What is Spain
This invention made books faster and cheaper to produce and helped new ideas spread.
What is the printing press? For significance, it spread Renaissance and Reformation ideas to larger audiences.
Instead of accepting past authors’ claims without checking them, scientists used these TWO approaches to investigate nature.
What are inquiry and experimentation? Also acceptable observation, testing, or evidence-based investigation as equivalent wording.
Give TWO reasons European countries wanted to expand their territories and markets.
access to profitable trade or valuable goods; wealth; new markets; political power or territory; spreading Christianity.
This forced movement transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic, mainly to the Americas.
What is the transatlantic slave trade?
This team broke its 108 year World Series drought in 2016.
Who is the Chicago Cubs
This reformer challenged Catholic Church practices in 1517 and helped begin the Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther? His challenge helped divide Western Christianity and weaken Catholic religious unity.
This woman wrote poetry and philosophy and challenged ideas about the mind, body, and thought.
Who is Margaret Cavendish?
Portuguese involvement in India led to the persecution of people outside this religious group.
Who are Christians? Accept: non-Christians were persecuted.
Give ONE effect of the Columbian Exchange on Indigenous peoples in the Americas.
introduced diseases caused devastating population losses; new animals or crops changed ways of life. For a disease answer, require the link to population loss.
This Roman commander is responsible for the fall of the Roman Republic when he declared himself dictator for life.
Who is Julius Caesar
Give TWO ways humanism contributed to the Renaissance.
It renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought AND emphasized liberal arts education.
According to our review materials, Cavendish proposed that thought came from this organ rather than the soul.
What is the brain?
Spanish authorities moved people in the Philippines into new settlements partly to monitor this.
What is economic production? Accept: their work, production of goods, or economic activity.
Explain ONE effect of the transatlantic slave trade on Africa AND ONE on the Americas.
Africa: forced removal of millions of people, disruption of communities, or increased violence tied to the trade. Americas: expansion of plantation economies using enslaved labor or growth of African diasporic communities and cultural influence.
This french queen is (incorrectly) famous for saying, "Let them eat cake".
Who is Marie Antoinette
Describe Italy’s political organization AND explain why its location helped the Renaissance develop.
Italy had independent city-states and feudal realms rather than one unified government. Major trade routes brought wealth and ideas that supported Renaissance culture. Require both parts.
Explain why testing an old claim through observation or experimentation represents a change toward modernity.
People increasingly used evidence to evaluate claims rather than relying only on traditional authority. The explanation must connect the method to a change in how knowledge was produced.
Compare the effects of Portuguese involvement in India and Spanish involvement in the Philippines. Give ONE effect for each.
Portuguese involvement included persecution of non-Christians. Spanish authorities resettled people to monitor economic production. Both increased European control over local populations. Require the two specific effects.
Explain how the Columbian Exchange and transatlantic slave trade increased global connections while causing harm.
They linked continents through the movement of goods and people. At the same time, introduced diseases devastated Indigenous populations, and the slave trade forcibly displaced and exploited Africans. Require a connection and a specific harm.
This is the 3rd President of the United States and is best known for writing the Declaration of Independence.
Who is Thomas Jefferson