Unit 2 Test Review

Math Problems

100

How many calories are in 14 Joules?

3.3 calories

Make sure to show work on the test!!!

200

What is the conversion between Calories, calories, and Joules?

1 Cal = 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4.184 kJ

300

How many Calories in 8,748 Joules?

2.091 Calories

Make sure to show work on the test!!!!

400

Determine the heat released when 60.0 g of aluminum cools from 670^oC to 305^oC. The specific heat of aluminum is 0.897 J/g^oC. 

Q = -2.0 x 10⁴ J

500

What is the initial temperature of water if 55g releases -4.12 x 10²J of energy and has a final temperature of 82^oC?

T_i = 80.^oC

EM, E, C, or M

100

What is the difference between elements and compounds?

Elements = only one type of atom that cannot be separated

Compounds = combinations of elements that are chemically bonded and have new properties compared to their individual components.

200

What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum?

Inverse relationship. As one increases, the other decreases.

300

Identify each as an element, compound, homogeneous mixture, or heterogeneous mixture:

1. Chicken Noodle Soup

2. Copper

3. Coffee

4. Carbon dioxide

1. Heterogeneous mixture

2. Element

3. Homogeneous mixture

4. Compound

400

What are the least and most dangerous forms of radiation from the electromagnetic spectrum? Why?

Least = Radio waves; low energy; non-ionizing

Most = Gamma rays; high energy; ionizing

500

1. NH₃ is what type of compound?

2. HClO₄ is what type of compound?

3. LiOH is what type of compound?

4. MgF₂ is what type of compound?

1. Molecular

2. Acid

3. Base

4. Salt

Matter & Energy

100

What is the definition of matter?

What is the definition of energy?

Matter = anything that has mass and takes up space

Energy = has the ability to move matter, produces a change in matter, or the capacity to do work.

200

What is the difference between potential and kinetic energy?

Potential = stored energy

Kinetic = energy of motion

300

What are 3 of the 7 forms of energy?

Mechanical, Sound, Chemical, Electrical, Light (Radiant), Heat (Thermal), or Nuclear

400

What is the difference between mixtures and pure substances?

What are the two subcategories of each?

Mixtures retain the properties of the individual components, can be physically separated, and have no definite proportions.

Pure substances have their own properties, may or may not be separated, and have unchanging and uniform composition.

Mixtures can be separated into heterogeneous and homogeneous. Pure substances can be separated into elements and compounds.

500

What is the law of conservation of matter?

What is the law of conservation of energy?

Law of conservation of matter = matter cannot be created or destroyed; the same amount of matter at the beginning and the end

Law of conservation of energy = energy cannot be created or destroyed; energy is transformed into different forms of energy

Physical vs Chemical

100

Is freezing point a chemical, intensive physical, or extensive physical property?

Intensive physical property

200

What is the difference between a chemical and physical property?

What is the difference between a chemical and physical change?

Chemical properties are measured by changing the chemical composition of the substance. Physical properties are measured without changing the composition.

Chemical changes are changes in composition/structure and a new substance is formed. Physical changes are changes in appearance or state and no new substance is formed.

300

A phase change is an example of a chemical change or a physical change? Why?

A phase change is a physical change. No new substance was formed. 

400

What are 5 signs of a chemical change?

1. unexpected color change

2. production of a gas

3. production of water

4. production of a new solid (precipitate)

5. production of heat

500

What is a reaction called if it produces a temperature increase? 

What is happening to the energy in this type of reaction (absorbing or releasing energy)? 

What is the Q value for this type of reaction (positive or negative)?

Exothermic reactions result in a temperature increase.

Releases energy 

-Q value

Random

100

What is the element name for the symbol Mn?

Manganese

200

Where are metals located on the periodic table? (right side, near the staircase, left side)

Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table? (right side, near the staircase, left side)

Where are the metalloids located on the periodic table? (right side, near the staircase, left side)

Metals = left side

Nonmetals = right side

Metalloids = near the staircase

300

What is the difference between intensive physical properties and extensive physical properties? 

Give an example of each

Intensive physical properties = independent of the amount of matter; melting point, malleable, density, appearance, etc.

Extensive physical properties = dependent on the amount of matter; mass, volume, weight, length

400

The line on a heating curve is horizontal when there is a _________ meanwhile, the line is diagonal when there is a ___________.

(temperature increase or phase change)

phase change

temperature increase

500

Name the 3 phases that are exothermic.

Condensation, Freezing, and Deposition.