Atomic Structure
What is the charge of protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Protons: Positive
Neutrons: Neutral (no charge)
Electrons: Negative
How do you find the number of protons an atom has?
You look at the atomic number. It is the same as the number of protons
What is the difference between a polar and nonpolar molecule?
A polar molecule has an equal distribution of charge, so one side is more positive and one side is more negative.
Nonpolar molecules have no separation of charge, so there is no positive or negative side.
What are the four macromolecules?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
What property of water allows for it to "climb" up a paper towel?
Cohesion AND adhesion
The smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that element
Subtract protons from the atomic mass.
Atomic mass - protons = Neutrons
What is the difference between cohesion and adhesion?
Adhesion is water's attraction to other molecules
What are polymers and monomers?
Monomer- small, basic sub-unit; the building blocks
Polymer- larger, more complex structures made of monomers; the whole structure
What is the monomer of nucleic acids? What about the polymer?
Monomer: nucleotides
Polymer: Nucleic acids
Where is most of the mass of an atom located?
In the nucleus
Find the following characteristics of Hydrogen.
- Atomic number
- Atomic mass
- # of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atomic number- 1
Atomic mass- 1
Protons- 1
Neutrons- 0
Electrons- 1
Why is it important that water is less dense as a solid?
It makes it so that life can exist under frozen surfaces of lakes and polar seas
If I was building a brick wall, what would be the monomer? What would be the polymer?
Monomer- bricks
Polymer- the wall
What is the monomer of carbohydrates? What about the polymer?
Monomer: monosaccharides, single sugar molecules
Polymer: polysaccharides, larger sugar molecules
Where is most of the volume of an atom located?
The electron cloud
Find the following information for carbon.
- Atomic number
- Atomic mass
- # of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atomic number- 6
Atomic mass- 12
Protons - 6
Electrons- 6
Neutrons- 6
What is a solution, solute, and solvent?
Solution- uniform mixture of two or more substance
Solute- what gets dissolved
Solvent- what does the dissolving
What macromolecule's main function is short-term energy storage?
What macromolecule's main function is long-term energy storage?
Short-term: Carbohydrates
Long-term: Lipids
What is the monomer of a lipid? What about the polymer?
Monomer: fatty acid
Polymer: Triglyceride
What is an isotope?
2 or more forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Bromine has an atomic number of 35. If a bromine ion has a charge of -2, how many electrons does it have?
37
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
Hydrophobic is scared of water, does not dissolve in water
Hydrophilic loves water, will dissolve easily in water
Put the macromolecules in order from the first one our body would break down for energy to the last one our body would break down for energy.
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic acids
What is the monomer of a protein? What about the polymer?
Monomer: Amino acids
Polymer: Polypeptides