Atoms-Elements-Compounds
Definition of Atom:
The building blocks of matter.
Definition of Chemical Reaction:
Rearrangement of the molecular or ion structure of a substance.
Definition of Polar Molecules:
Molecules that have unequal distribution of charges.
Definition of Carbon:
Component of almost all biological molecules.
Definition of Compound:
Pure substance when two or more different elements combine.
Definition of Reactants:
Definition of Products:
starting substances
substances formed by reaction
Definition of Hydrogen Bond:
attraction of oppositely charged regions on a molecule that form a bond between polar molecules.
Definition of Macromolecules:
large organic molecules also called “polymers”.
What do we call a pure substance that CANNOT be broken down?
Element
Definition of Activation Energy:
Minimum amount of energy needed for reaction to occur.
Definition of Mixture:
Combination of two or more substances, in which both retain the individual properties.
Definition of Carbohydrate:
carbon that is hydrated with water.
Definition of Isotopes:
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
Definition of Catalyst:
substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start reactions (increases rate of reaction)
Definition of Buffer:
Works to keep the pH within a particular range.
Types of Fats and definition:
Saturated - fats that have long chains with no double bonds (solid at room temperature)
Unsaturated – fats that have double bonds (liquid at room temperature).
Definition of van der Waals Forces:
Attractive forces between the positive and negative regions on molecules.
Definition of Substrates:
Reactants that bind to the enzyme
4 Properties of Water
Less Dense when Frozen – floats when frozen
Global Temperature Regulator – makes temperature of our climate more moderate and stable.
Capillary Action – water defies gravity by traveling upward in tight spaces (inside plants).
Universal Solvent– Dissolves many different substances (due to polarity).
Definition of Nucleic Acids:
Complex macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information.