Layers of the Earth
Plate Boundaries
Volcanoes & Earthquakes
Soil
The Rock Cycle
100
What are the 3 major layers of the earth?
Crust, Mantle, Core
100
What are the three plate boundaries?
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Transform Boundary
100
At which plate boundary can earthquakes occur?
All of them!
Divergent, Convergent, Transform
100
What is soil made of?
Minerals, organic matter, broken up rock
100
What are the 3 types of rocks?
Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Igneous
200
In which layer does convection happen?
Mantle
200
What landforms are formed at convergent boundaries?
mountain ranges, volcanic arcs, oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanoes
200
How do volcanic eruptions affect the biosphere?
Volcanic eruptions can kill living organisms
200
How does a volcanic eruption impact soil?
adds nutrients to the soil through ash/makes soil more fertile
200
What are sediments?
Weathered, broken down pieces of rock
300
What are the two types of crust and which is thinner?
Oceanic (thinner) crust and Continental (thicker) crust
300
Illustrate the movement of ALL THREE plate boundaries.
300
What are the THREE must abundant gases released during a volcanic eruption?
*Hint: Use the picture below!
Sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor
300
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
weathering = the process of wearing or being worn by long exposure to the atmosphere
erosion = transportation of broken down pieces
300
How do igneous rocks form?
From magma that has cooled to form a rock
400
What is the source of earth's internal heat?
Radioactive decay
400
Look at the image below. Where would you live in order to experience the LEAST amount of volcanic activity/earthquakes?
4
400
Give 2 examples of how a volcanic eruption affects the ATMOSPHERE
1. Gases released
2. Ash blocks sunlight--> cools temperature
3. Ash blocks sunlight--> no photosynthesis
400
What process must occur to sediments in order for them to become sedimentary rocks? Choose ONE.
a. Compaction and cementation
b. Heat and pressure
a. Compaction and cementation
400
How can a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?
Any rock can become a metamorphic rock if it is exposed to intense heat AND pressure
500
Explain the process of subduction. Mention in which layer of the Earth subduction occurs.
A process in which one edge of an oceanic plate is forced below the edge of another plate. Subduction occurs in the mantle.
500
This is a picture of the San Andreas fault, located in California. What type of plate boundary formed this fault?
Transform Boundary
500
Give 2 examples of how a volcanic eruption affects the HYDROSPHERE
1. pH decrease (more acidic water)
2. water gets dirty (turbidity increases)
500
Which process is responsible for the formation or expansion of cracks and potholes in road surfaces during winter, and how does it affect Earth's systems?
A This damage is caused by erosion, which is due to mechanical weathering.
B. This damage is caused by frost wedging, which is due to mechanical weathering, leading to the expansion of cracks and potholes.
B. This damage is caused by frost wedging, which is due to mechanical weathering, leading to the expansion of cracks and potholes.
500
Give examples of agents of weathering.
Water, wind, ice, biological elements (example: roots)