The Arabian Peninsula
A group of people traveling together for mutual protection, often with pack animals such as camels
caravan
one who surrenders to God
Compare the two types of Jihad.
Greater Jihad: fight against evil within yourself
Lesser Jihad: external struggle against oppression
calligraphy
This group captured Edessa and defeated crusaders at Damascus.
Muslims
Permanently settled in one place.
sedentary
Madinah is the City of the...
example set by Muhammad during his lifetime for Muslims
The science of the stars, planets, and other objects in the universe.
astronomy
Pope Urban II called for..
the crusades
To buy and sell by trading goods or services rather than money.
Barter
Name the three religions that believe in one God.
Muslim, Christian, and Jew
Explain 3 facts about Ramadan.
-no eating from sunrise to sunset
-feast at end to celebrate
-sick, pregnant women, elderly and young children do not have to fast
-9th month of the lunar calendar
mysticism
These two figures signed a peace treaty.
Salah al-Din and Richard I
Name the 4 environments and give 2 descriptions of each.
Desert: hot/dry summers, wind and sand storms, winter and night freezing temperatures, little rainfall
Oases: water trapped underground seeps to the surface, fresh water, plants, shade, fertile land
Coastal plain: regular rain, damp air, dry riverbeds, rocky cliffs
Mountains: windy, 20" of rain per year, cool temperatures, 1000-12000 ft. in elevation
Muhammad taught 3 things...
1) worship 1 God
2) believers in God are equal
3) rich should share their wealth
Explain what the word hadith means and what it represents.
It means tradition and it is the written evidence of Muhammad's Sunnah as seen in his words and deeds.
Explain what astrolabes were used for.
locating the direction of Makkah or to aid in travels
A judicial body established by the Catholic Church to combat heresy and other forms of religious error.
Inquisition
Name the 4 environments and 2 adaptations for each.
Desert: tents, loose-fitting clothes, camels, trade routes, towns/villages, raised animals
Oases: palm trees for many uses, deep wells, permanent settlements
Coastal plain: irrigation, wells, dams, canals, reservoirs, suitable for farming
Mountains: terrace farming, houses out of mud bricks, dams, irrigation
List 5 events from Muhammad's life (in chronological order).
-born in Makkah
-received messages in a cave from God through the angel Gabriel
-preached in Makkah until he came under attack
-left Makkah and developed a new community in Madinah
-back to Makkah
-Died
Name all 5 pillars of faith and what they represent.
1st pillar (shadah): submit to God
2nd pillar (salat): praying 5x a day (dawn, noon, midday, sunset, and after nightfall)=spirituality and discipline
3rd pillar (zakat): almsgiving, share wealth with needy/poor (hospitals, soup kitchens, schools, fountains, travelers stranded, etc.)
4th pillar (siyam): fasting
5th pillar (hajj): pilgrimage to Makkah
Name two examples of Muslim contributions for each category: architecture, medicine, and art/music.
Architecture: city of baghdad, mosques, minaret
Medicine: pharmacists, world's first hospitals, brought medical care to remote villages, separate wards, ointments, antiseptics
Art/music: decorative art (geometric and floral design), textiles, conservatory, Persian musical styles
Name the 3 groups involved in the crusades and how they impacted the group.
Christians: increased the use of money in Europe to pay for supplies, monarchs grew more powerful, learned about new foods and other goods.
Muslims: gained exposure to new weapons and military ideas, adopted a permanent army, earned riches from trade in Europe, money helped fund projects such as new mosques and schools
Jews: anti-semitism, segregation, could not hold public office, kicked out of businesses and cities