Social Cognition
A social group to which an individual identifies as belonging.
What is an ingroup?
The process of explaining the causes of one’s own or others’ behaviour.
What is an attribution?
Following the commands or instructions of someone perceived as having authority.
What is obedience?
A testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables, stating how the independent variable is expected to affect the dependent variable.
What is a hypothesis?
A heuristic that involves using information that is easily accessible.
What is Availability Heursitic?
A model proposing that attitudes consist of three related components — affective (feelings), behavioural (actions), and cognitive (beliefs).
What is the tri-component model of attitudes?
The tendency to seek, interpret, or remember information in a way that confirms existing beliefs or expectations.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to adjust one’s thoughts, feelings or behaviour to match those of others or social norms.
What is CONFORMITY?
A smaller, representative group selected from the population for the purpose of conducting the study.
What is a sample?
A heuristic that involves forming judgement based on the first information received.
What is anchoring heuristic?
A negative attitude or feeling toward people based solely on their membership in a particular group.
What is prejudice?
The tendency to attribute our own behaviour to situational factors, but others’ behaviour to personal factors.
What is Actor - Observer bias?
Accepted and expected patterns of behaviour or rules within a group or society that guide how members should act in particular situations.
What are SOCIAL NORMS?
The group that is not exposed to the independent variable and is used for comparison with the experimental group.
What is the control group?
A heuristic that involves making a judgement base don similarity to other things in that category.
What is representative heuristic?
A psychological state of tension or discomfort that occurs when a person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours are inconsistent.
What is cognitive dissonance?
The tendency to attribute one’s successes to internal factors and failures to external factors to maintain self-esteem.
What is self-serving bias?
A loss of individuality and self-awareness that can occur in group situations, often leading to behaviour that is uncharacteristic or antisocial.
What is DEINDIVIDUATION?
A procedure used to assign participants to experimental and control groups so that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in either condition.
What is random allocation?
A Heuristic that uses emotions.
What is Affect Heuristic?
A theory suggesting that people derive part of their self-concept from the groups they belong to, leading to ingroup favouritism and outgroup bias.
What is social identity theory?
The tendency to overestimate personal (internal) factors and underestimate situational (external) factors when explaining others’ behaviour.
What is fundamental attribution error?
The tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.
What is SOCIAL LOAFING?
The degree to which an experiment measures what it claims to measure and produces accurate, meaningful results.
What is validity?
A type of bias in which decisions, social perceptions and judgements are influenced more by vivid memories and experiences than statistical fact.
What is base-rate fallacy?