Norms, Roles & Institutions
Define a social norm.
Expected patterns of behaviour in particular situations.
What of Erikson's stages would you be considered to be in right now?
Identity vs. Role Confusion
What is the legal age in Canada for an individual to leave home without permission of a parent/guardian?
16
What age range is typically associated with "emerging adulthood"?
18-25
True or False: Compared to 1981, more young adults aged 20-29 are staying in their parental home as of 2021.
True
Define a social role.
Our duties and responsibilities or positions we hold in society.
WHO took a humanist perspective on development and proposed that human motivation is based on a hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
Name one economic factor that influences leaving home
Housing costs, job wages, tuition, etc.
Name one characteristic of emerging adulthood.
Exploring identity, instability, self-focus, considering possibilities, etc.
What is the difference between nature and nurture when considering influences on development?
Nature: heredity/genetics - influences on development that come from genetic or biological traits
Nurture: environment - influences on development that come from environment, upbringing, culture, relationships, experiences, etc.
Name one social institution that influences the transition to adulthood and explain how.
Answers vary.
Ex: Education delays financial independence and marriage
List the 4 seasons of life proposed by Daniel Levinson.
1. Childhood/Adolescent
2. Early Adulthood
3. Middle Adulthood
4. Late Adulthood
Name one pro and one con of leaving home
Pros: more independence, learn more, social advantage, resilience, more freedom, etc.
Cons: more household chores, more isolated, less emotional stability, less food options, etc.
List FIVE examples of roles that adolescents have related to the social institutions involved in their lives.
Ex: student, sibling, employee, volunteer, activist, influencer, intern, follower, caregiver, son/daughter, decision-maker, etc.
Which province in Canada has the highest percentage of people living with their parent(s)?
Ontario
Explain how changing norms and roles influence young adults' independence.
Compared to the past, greater acceptance of staying home, delayed marriage, longer education.
Explain George Herbert Mead's Symbolic Interactionism Theory.
He explains that how people perceive themselves is largely determined by how they think other people view them.
Is leaving home the only indicator of independence? Why or why not?
No; other indicators include emotional, financial, social independence (new job, going away for school, getting married, etc.)
Is "emerging adulthood" universal across cultures and SES? Explain why or why not.
No. Varies based on opportunity, structural constraints, being forced to leave home or find a job immediately, etc.
There a gender wage gap in Canada. Explain who is affected by it and how it has changed in the last 45 years.
Women are affected by the gender wage gap. The gap has improved in the last 45 years, narrowing it to 87 cents per dollar, compared to 75 cents per dollar in 1981.
A 23-year-old is living at home while completing a master's degree, but their grandparents believe they should already be married with children. Use the concepts of norms, roles, and institutions to explain these expectations.
Norms and roles have shifted since the grandparents were that age. Social institution of education delays the roles of parent and spouse that the grandparents are expecting of their grandchild.
Apply one developmental theory to explain how decision-making changes from adolescence to adulthood.
Answers vary.
Ex: Erikson's stages: shifts from figuring out your identity in adolescence (decisions based on who you are) to intimacy in adulthood (decision based on forming lasting relationships)
Identify 1 trend that influences the living arrangements of young adults. What does that trend possibly reveal about Canadian norms, values or roles?
Answers vary.
Ex: Trend: Increase in young adults staying at home. Suggests: Remaining in the familial home has become more socially accepted in Canada. Norms shifting to leaving home later in life.
Provide an example of an adolescent who has multiple roles and explain how that can create stress, strain, or conflict in their lives or relationships?
Adolescent who is an employee for a part-time job, a caregiver for an elderly parent, and a student in high school: they may feel guilty for leaving the elderly parent to go to a party, may resent them if they have to miss social events, and may feel stressed trying to manage school work on top of that.
Provide an example of how both gender and socioeconomic factors influence individual development.
Gender influences expectations (for women: caregiving roles, marriage) and motivation (gender wage gap may be discouraging). SES affects access to education, financial independence, opportunities.