Motivation Theories
Name one motivation theory
Taylor's scientific management theory
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
Name one type of financial reward
Salary, Fringe benefit, Wages, Performance-related pay, Profit-related pay, Commission, ESOS
What is purpose and how can it be a source of motivation?
Focuses on an employee's opportunity to make a difference. It can be a source of motivation as employees are proud/motivated by the impact their work has.
What is training and what can it help with?
Training refers to providing employees with a chance to learn the skills relevant to their job.
Can help: develop the necessary skills to success in the job, productivity & motivation, employee engagement & retention, reduce costs in the long-run (employees perform at a higher standard)
What is labor turnover?
The percentage of the workforce that leaves the business in a given year. This is calculated by (employee departures / average number of employees)
Explain one motivation theory
Taylor's scientific management theory (money based)
Maslow's hierarchy of needs (based on human behavior and emotions)
Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory (based on hygiene factors and motivators)
Give an example of a financial reward
ex. Christmas bonus
(examples may vary)
What are the advantages and disadvantages of job rotation?
Advantages: Reduces monotony, increases flexibility
Disadvantages: Higher costs, reduced productivity
Advantages of on-the-job training
Advantages: Inexpensive and Relevant
What is appraisal and its role?
Refers to a formal assessment of an employee’s performance. Employees are reviewed against the roles and responsibilities in their job description.
What are the hygiene factors and motivators in Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
Hygiene factors: Refer to aspects of a job that must be present in order to prevent demotivation. These tend to be lower-level needs.
Motivators: Refer to parts of a job whose presence improve employee motivation. These tend to be higher-level needs.
Compare the Performance-related pay and Profit-related pay
PRP: Refers to a financial reward where employees who meet or exceed certain targets are paid more (through a bonus).
Profit-related pay: Refers to paying employees a bonus based on the profits of the company. This aims to incentivise employees to work harder and contribute to greater profits for the business.
What is job enlargement vs job enrichment?
Job enlargement: Involves increasing the number of tasks an employee performs (but not difficulty)
Job enrichment: Involves increasing both the type of task and complexity of task and employee performs in the workplace.
On-the-job vs Off-the-job training, and examples.
On-the-job training: conducted at the place of work.
Off-the-job training: conducted outside the place of work.
Define Fringe Benefits
Refers to financial rewards paid in addition to base salaries.
Limitations of Taylor's scientific management theory
- Not all workers are motivated by the same way, and not all workers view pay as the most important factor
- Working harder doesn’t necessarily mean job satisfaction
Explain employee share ownership schemes (ESOS)
Gives staff shares in the company or allows staff to purchase shares at a discount. This helps align incentives between employees and the business and fosters greater loyalty.
Give an example of a non-financial rewards
ex. employee of the year
(any answers that apply)
disadvantages of on the job training
Dependent on ability of employees: internal staff may lack the ability to deliver training
Define internal recruitment
Refers to the practice of hiring people who are currently employed by the business to fill vacant roles.
What are the levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in the correct order?
Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love & belonging, Esteem, and Self actualization. (bottom to top)
Name two advantages and disadvantages of Commission
Advantages: aligns incentives, identifies areas for improvement
Disadvantages: encourages internal rivalry, lack of pay stability for employees
how do non-financial rewards help motivate employees
employees feel valued
Advantages and Disadvantages of off-the-job training
Advantages: expertise of specialists, focus environment
Disadvantages: Expensive, lost productivity
Define external recruitment
Refers to the practice of hiring people who do not currently work for the business.