Intro to Memory
Identifying objects previously learned
Recognition
organizing items into familiar, manageable units
chunking
personally experienced events (a part of explicit memory)
episodic memory
occurs when information has distorted one’s memory of an event
misinformation effect
Spearman believed in this;underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
general intelligence (g)
How you get information into the different levels of storage
Encoding
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information
testing effect
Web associations, or information connected with other information
retrieval cues
an inability to form new memories
Anterograde amnesia
designed to assess what a person has learned
Achievement test
This storage space for memory had a limited capacity (can only hold 7 +- 2 items at a time)
short term memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
iconic memory
Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
Serial position effect
Faulty memory for how, when, or where information was learned or imagined; causes many false memories
source amnesia
This test was created to place students in classes in France
Binet test
a working memory component that briefly holds auditory information
phonological loop
Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare” (also known as declarative memory)
Explicit memory
What part of the brain processes explicit memories of facts and events for storage?
Hippocampus
although the memory is retained in storage, it cannot be accessed; tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is due to this
Retrieval failure
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group
Standardization
an increase in a cell’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; a neural basis for learning and memory
long term potentiation (LTP)
unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information
Automatic processing
Recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood (answer is NOT state dependent)
Mood congruent memory
the backward-acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information
retroactive interference
Performance on testing by the population increases over time
Flynn Effect