Theories & Learning
What is the name for learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated stimulation?
What is habituation
These researchers believe that there is evidence that infants' experiences contribute to their cognitive abilities and that we learn from general information-processing abilities
Who are empiricists?
This type of speech involves high or variable pitch and slower pacing
What is infant directed speech?
These are the general ideas that organize objects, events, qualities, or relations on the basis of similarty
What are concepts?
Brain growth, along with language development, is thought to contribute to this early childhood phenomenon
What is infant amnesia?
What type of learning involves detecting predictable patterns in the environment
What is statistical learning
This level of categorization refers to the most general
What is superordinate
The characteristic cadence, rhythm, and intonation of speech patterns
What is prosody?
This level of categorization refers to the level of objects that children tend to learn first
What is basic
Thinking about the details of autobiographical memory, the _______ emerges between ages 3 and 5 years
The "what"?
This ability involves knowing that hidden objects still exist despite being out of view
What is object permanence
When young children hear that Animal A is "well-prepared to swim" and Animal B is "well-prepared to fly" they make __________ relations
What are cause-effect relations?
Bilingual infants show some evidence of ______, which was previously a concern about a cognitive delay
What is a language lag?
This type of play, associated with theory of mind development, allows role- and perspective-taking
What is sociodramatic play?
With age, children remember more about events after longer _________
What are delays
This weakness refers to which theory: infants and young children are more cognitively credit than what this theory describes
What is Piaget's theory?
What are intentions?
Infants often produce meaningful gestures at this time in relation to first words
What is before
This view that living things have an intrinsic property that makes them what they are
What is essentialism?
With age, children remember more detail with less dependence on_________
What are external cues?
Dynamic systems theory suggests that action shapes memory through which process?
What is centrality of action?
Children's reliance on direction and distance cues in spatial reasoning is associated with this
What is culture or environment?
This refers to children's ability to represent an object mentally as both the real object and as a symbol
What is dual representation
By age 4 years, children have some sense of time but confuse these two aspects of time
What are past and future?
Executive function shows dramatic improvement during this period
What is the preschool period (or ages 3 to 6)