Social Stratification
a system in which boundaries between social positions are more flexible
What is an open system?
a social position attained by a person largely through their own effort
What is achieved status?
examined class conflict within an economic context
Who is Karl Marx?
a process of internalizing the norms of society and accepting them as valid
What is internal social control?
What is the Functionalist Perspective on Deviance?
a system with strict boundaries between different social positions
What is a closed system?
a social position assigned to a person at birth without regard for their characteristics or talents
What is ascribed status?
developed the strain theory with five types of deviants
Who is Robert Merton?
society's effort to bring those who deviate back into line; it is made of a system of rewards and punishment
What is external social control?
this sub-theory states that some people are not viewed as deviant for the same act that someone else might have also done
What is labelling theory?
the movement of individuals or groups from one level in a stratification system to another
What is social movement?
when people experience a gain or loss in position and/or income that causes movement up or down the class structure
Who is Travis Hirschi?
rewards or punishments that may be imposed by people who have been given special authority
What is a formal sanction?
deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not part of a person's lifestyle
What is primary deviance?
a type of stratification based on the ownership and control of resources and the type of work people do- Canada has one
What is a class system?
social movement of individuals within their own lifetime
What is intragenerational mobility?
developed a theory of social justice based on a social contract
Who is John Rawls?
rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group
What is an informal sanction?
deviance in which an individual's life and identity are organized around breaking society's norms
What is secondary deviance?
a system of social inequality in which a person's permanent social status is determined at birth based on their parents' ascribed status - India has one
What is a caste system?
social movement experienced by family members from one generation to the next
What is intergenerational mobility?
feminist sociologist who believed in the authority of the male standpoint
Who is Dorothy Smith?
This is an example of what type of control and sanction; a friendly wave after someone lets you into traffic
this theory suggests that the activities of poor and lower-income people are more likely to be defined as criminal than middle or upper class people
What is Conflict Theory?