Enzymes
What is the name of the region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
What is the active site?
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
What is the chloroplast?
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
What is to produce ATP?
What is metabolism?
What is the sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or organism?
How does temperature generally affect enzyme activity?
What is increasing temperature speeds up reactions to a point, but too high denatures the enzyme?
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
What are the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle?
What are the three main stages of aerobic respiration?
What are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?
How does enzyme activity relate to evolutionary fitness?
What is efficient enzymes help organisms survive and reproduce in their environments?
What is the term for a molecule that reduces enzyme activity by binding to the active site?
What is a competitive inhibitor?
What molecule is split during the light reactions to provide electrons?
What is water (H₂O)?
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
How can environmental pH affect enzyme function?
What is extreme pH can denature enzymes and reduce activity?
Explain how allosteric regulation can activate or inhibit enzyme function.
What is binding at a site other than the active site changes the enzyme's shape and activity?
How is ATP generated during the light-dependent reactions?
What is through chemiosmosis and the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane?
What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?
What is it acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Why might organisms in different environments evolve different metabolic pathways?
What is to adapt to available resources and conditions for survival?
Describe how enzyme structure relates to its specificity and function.
What is the enzyme's Tertiary shape and R groups at the active site determines which substrates can bind and how the reaction proceeds?
Explain how the structure of the chloroplast supports its function in photosynthesis.
What is compartmentalization into thylakoids and stroma allows separation of light reactions and carbon fixation?
Compare the ATP yield of aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration.
hat is aerobic yields ~36-38 ATP, anaerobic yields ~2 ATP per glucose due to the difference in C-C and C-H bond?
Explain how metabolic efficiency can influence natural selection.
What is organisms with more efficient metabolism use energy better and are more likely to survive and reproduce?