Muscles
connects muscle to bone; provide anchor for muscles to produce force
What are tendons
step in sliding filament theory where myosin heads pull the actin to contract a muscle
What is power stroke
tension generated with the muscle shortening to overcome the resistance
What is concentric contraction
transfer of heat when liquid vaporizes to a gas
what is Evaporation
a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through sweating; core temperature is greater than 104 degrees F.
What is Heat stroke
connects bone to bone; supports joint structures
What are ligaments
The principle that when a neuron (motor nerve) fires, all the muscle fibers in that motor unit maximally contract simultaneously.
What is the "all or none" principle
tension generated with no change in muscle length
What is isometric contraction
passage of heat waves from a warm object to a cooler object
what is Radiation
a condition resulting from exposure to heat and excessive loss of fluid through sweating; core temperature is less than 104 degrees F
What is Heat exhaustion
Fast-twitch, larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension and fatigue more quickly, slightly more oxidative than 2x.
What are type 2a muscle fibers
Contractile unit of muscle; contains overlapping myofilaments
What is sarcomere
tension generated with the muscle lengthening to overcome the resistance
what is eccentric contraction
The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid or gas
what is Convection
fainting that occurs when the body attempts to cool itself by dilating the blood vessels
What is Heat Syncope
Fast-twitch, larger in size, quick to produce maximal tension and fatigue more quickly, only glycolytic
What are type 2x muscle fibers
A protein that binds to calcium and permits muscle contraction
What is troponin
the relationship of muscle length to its ability to generate force; maximum tension is achieved with greatest amount of cross-bridge attachments
What is the length-tension relationship
The direct transfer of heat from a warmer object to a cooler object through direct contact
What is Conduction
a condition where serum sodium concentration is dangerously low due to excessive fluid intake
What is Exercise-associated hyponatremia
nerve ending located in the musculotendinous junction; protects against excessive stretch or tension on the muscle
What is the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)
sequence of events from motor neuron signaling to a skeletal muscle fiber to contraction of the fiber's sarcomeres
What is excitation-contraction coupling
an active stretch (eccentric contraction) of a muscle followed by an immediate shortening (concentric contraction) of that same muscle
What is the stretch-shortening cycle
the energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports-like exercise
What is Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
Formerly known as heat cramps; painful involuntary muscle spasms occur during or after physical exertion, particularly in high heat and humidity, possibly due to loss of electrolytes and water from perspiration
What is Exercise-associated muscle cramps (EAMCs)