Skills & Learning
What is the difference between a fine and gross motor skill?
Fine - recruitment of smaller muscles, used for precision movements
Gross - recruitment of larger muscle groups, used for movements requiring less precision.
Compare the terms inertia and moment of inertia?
inertia - objects resistance to movement
moment of inertia- objects resistance to change in its angular motion
How is stroke volume is different to cardiac output?
Stroke volume - per beat
Cardiac output - per minute
State one fatiguing factor that might occur when using the ATP CP energy system.
CP fuel depletion
What is the difference between muscular strength and muscular power?
muscular strength: the maximal force generated by muscle/groups in one maximal effort
muscular power: ability to exert a force rapidly over a short period of time
How is a discrete motor skill different to a continuous motor skill? Give an example to support you response.
Discrete - obvious beginning and end. eg: kicking a ball
Continuous - not definite beginning or end point. eg: running
Using an example, explain the concept of conservation of momentum.
hint: Momentum = mass x velocity
Momentum before a collision is equal to the momentum after the collision
Momentum = mass x velocity
Trade off between the mass and velocity before and after the collision.
An athlete who is able to take up more oxygen into the muscle from the surrounding capillaries would show an increase in what cardiovascular response?
Explain how an accumulation of hydrogen ions can result in reduced muscular contractions?
Prevents calcium from being released into the muscles and prevents actin and myosin from binding at the site
Would muscular strength or power be more beneficial to move an object with a greater inertia?
Strength
In a gymnastics floor routine or a platform dive routine, what type of movement is most commonly performed? Use one of these examples (gymnastics or diving) to support your answer.
Serial - a sequence of discrete skills performed in a sequence.
eg: jump, tuck, twist, pike,
What is torque? Give an example of how it would be applied in a sporting scenario to improve performance.
Torque is an eccentric force which is a force that does not act through the centre of gravity
Lactate inflection point (LIP) is shown on a graph by ______________ and is defined as ___________?
- a sharp increase in blood lactate concentration
- the last point where lactate entry into and removal from the blood are balanced
For what event in athletics would a passive recovery be most appropriate for and why?
- shot put, discus, 100m, long/triple jump, high jump, javelin, pole vault, hurdles
- use ATP-CP system and needs a passive recovery to restore ATP
What methods of data collection could be used to determined exercise intensity and therefore energy system interplay?
bonus: which method is most accurate?
- HR, talk test, direct viewing, GPS, accelerometer
Bonus: HR
An athlete is competing in the world championships for ice hockey, what stage of learning would they likely be in? Give two descriptions you would expect to see in terms of their performance
Autonomous
- fluid and effortless
- focus is on strategy and tactics not the skills
When the release height is higher than the landing height, the optimal angle of release is what?
less than 45 degrees
An increase in motor unit recruitment would allow an athlete to do what?
apply or use more force
If Rafael Nedal were to become dehydrated what symptoms would he experience and how would this impact his performance?
- increased errors
- dry mouth
- slow movement
- dry skin
- thirsty
- headache
- light headed/dizzy
Performance: miss shots, less power and accuracy
State 4 training methods that are unique to aerobic training.
continuous
long interval
HIIT
fartlek
Compare practice distribution and practice variability by describing the types of each.
Distribution: scheduling of sessions
- massed vs distributed
Variability: practise of skills within a session
- blocked vs random
What is the difference between equilibrium, stability and balance?
Equilibrium - object/body is not moving or rotating (or is moving with constant velocity - dynamic equilibrium)
Stability - resistance to the disruption of of equilibrium
Balance - ability to comrole equilibrium
At the onset of exercise would you expect to see an increase in diastolic or systolic blood pressure during submaximal exercise?
Systolic - heart is under more pressure to pump out more blood during each beat.
Still relaxes as usual.
Why is it unlikely that a netball GS would fatigue as a result of H+ accumulation?
- predominantly uses ATP-CP system
- H+ is not a fatiguing factor of this system
Explain why lactate tolerance training should be incorporated into training for team sports, such as soccer.
Repeated sprints during most team sports.
Allows the athlete to run at a higher intensity (work anaerobically) for longer/with less recovery time between each bout of sprinting.