Explorers
Which explorer reached the Caribbean in 1492 while searching for a route to Asia?
Christopher Columbus
What three words are often used to summarize the motives for European exploration?
God, Gold, Glory
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of crops, animals, people, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World after European contact.
Which three regions were connected by Triangle Trade?
Europe, Africa, Americas
What was the name for the forced journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic?
Middle Passage
Which explorer is credited with leading the first expedition to sail around the world?
Ferdinand Magellan
Which “G” in “God, Gold, and Glory” describes the desire to spread Christianity?
God
Which crop from the Americas became an important food in Europe and helped support population growth?
Corn
What was the Middle Passage?
The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas.
What does “circumnavigation” mean?
Sailing completely around the world.
Hernán Cortés conquered which powerful Indigenous empire?
Name one reason Europeans searched for new sea routes to Asia.
to get Asian spices and luxury items and avoid extra costs (Ottomans, Venice)
Name one animal Europeans brought to the Americas.
horses, cattle, pigs, and sheep
What was one harmful effect of Triangle Trade on African societies?
The forced removal of people weakened communities and contributed to population loss and conflict.
What was the Encomienda System?
A Spanish colonial labor system that granted colonists control over Indigenous labor and tribute.
Francisco Pizzaro conquered which powerful Indigenous empire?
Incas
What economic theory encouraged European nations to build colonies and collect wealth?
Mercantilism
What European diseases had the most impact on Indigenous populations in the Americas
Smallpox
In the Atlantic trade system, what kinds of goods were commonly shipped from the Americas to Europe? (specific)
sugar, tobacco, cotton, furs, molasses
What is a “caravel,” and how did it help explorers?
A small, maneuverable sailing ship with triangular sails used for long-distance exploration.
Name the Portuguese explorer who sailed around Africa and reached India by sea.
Under mercantilism, why did European nations want colonies?
Colonies supplied raw materials and served as markets for the home country’s goods.
Give 2 examples of food items that moved from the Americas to Europe
corn, potatoes, tomatoes, honeybee, squash, pumpkins, green beans
Explain how the three sides of Triangle Trade connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
European manufactured goods went to Africa; enslaved Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas; raw materials from the Americas were shipped to Europe.
Which navigation tool helped sailors estimate latitude by observing the stars?
The astrolabe.