Boom Boom Empires
Name 4 Gunpowder Empires
Ottoman, Safavid, Ming, Mughal India, Russia
These "empires" are really just ports that are connected together through commerce. The Portuguese and Dutch relied on these heavily.
Trading-post empires
Some empires, like the Mughal Empire, built lavish buildings to demonstrate their power. What is the name of this building?
Taj Mahal
(Sorry, the website wouldn't let me embed images)
Name three inventions that allowed European travelers to start building Maritime Empires.
Astrolabe, astronomical charts, cartography, new ships such as the carrack and caravel, compass, lateen sail
What is the name typically given to the movement of slaves from Africa to the Americas, raw materials from the Americas to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa?
Triangle trade
The trip of slaves from Africa to the Americas is also referred to as the Middle Passage.
True or False: Gunpowder Empires were largely sea-based empires that used cannons to knock down port cities.
False
They were largely land-based empires that used their militaries to expand and maintain control.
In order to lower their risk, European countries began to develop this practice of having owners buy shares in a company. Examples include the Dutch East India Company and British East India Company
Joint-stock companies
Other empires used a tributary system to legitimize their power.
Name two empires on different parts of the globe that used Tribute systems.
Aztecs and Ming
Name 4 Maritime Empires
British, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch (the Netherlands)
Describe the Columbian Exchange
The movement of plants, animals, people, and diseases from the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) to the New World (the Americas).
What important event in 1453 led to the dominion of the Ottoman Empire and the end of the Byzantines?
Fall of Constantinople
The Virgin of Guadalupe, Voodoo, Santeria, and Creole are all examples of this practice of blending cultures.
syncretism
Empires needed money to administer their empires and legitimize their rule. Empires such as the Ottomans and Mughal relied on __________ ____________, meaning that they had government officials collect money.
Tax Farming
What role did mercantilism play in the development of Maritime Empires?
Mercantilism emphasizes the importance of exporting goods to get more currency. This means that countries were encouraged to get colonies to get raw good, manufacture goods for export, and make as much money from trade as possible.
Explain the Protestant Reformation
Answers vary
Complaints about practices in the Catholic church (indulgences, corruption) led to new ideas about how Christianity should be practiced. The printing press allowed these ideas to spread, and a decentralized Europe allowed these groups to grow while the Catholic Church struggled to maintain control.
Generally speaking, what led to the end of the Gunpowder Empires such as the Ottomans, Safavid, and the Mughal?
Answers vary, but could include:
Failure to modernize their military and economy
Internal conflicts related to corruption
Internal conflicts with resistance groups and peasants
Outside interference from Europeans
This system of racial classification was used in some Spanish colonies in the Americas and divided people on different racial backgrounds, including:
Peninsulares, Creolles, Mestizo, Mulattoes
The Casta System
This man centralized all authority within himself, becoming the ultimate example of the absolute ruler. He claimed "The state, it is me."
"L'estat, c'est moi"
Provide examples of resistance to the colonization and trade efforts of the Maritime Empires.
Answers vary, but could include:
Metacom's War- first effort of Natives Americans to drive out British
Maroon Wars- slave revolts in the Caribbean against Spanish rulers
Ana Nzinga- Ndongo ruler that resisted Portuguese slave trade
Explain why Akbar the Great's practice of religious tolerance helped him effectively rule the Mughal Empire.
The Mughal Empire was a Muslim empire ruling over a Hindu population. By allowing for religious tolerance and allowing Hindu kingdoms a level of self-rule, he helped maintain peace.
This system in Japan took over around 1598 and attempted to reform feudalism. In it, landowners known as daimyo owed their allegiance to a shogun.
the Tokugawa shogunate
Despite being slaves and concubines, the women who were part of this Ottoman social group were exceptionally influential. Wives and concubines of the sultan tried to promote their own children to the throne.
Harem Politics
During the Reformation and Counter Reformation, the Catholic Church found itself in dire need to maintain its legitimacy after facing criticism. What did the church use to legitimize its power over the people?
Patronize the arts (ex. Sistine Chapel)
Send missionaries (ex. Jesuits)
Persecute non-believers (ex. Inquisition)
Explain how Spanish silver impacted the economy of China
The Chinese government, after running into issues with paper money, switched to a silver currency. They imported silver from Spain to use as their national currency. However, just like with Spain, inflation caused economic issues with the Ming Empire.
Explain how the Spanish utilized the labor system left behind by the Inca.
Spanish mine operators utilized the mit'a system already in place in Peru (Inca) to create a forced labor system. This allowed them to extract silver from the Potosi mine.