Classical Conditioning
What are the 3 stages of classical conditioning
Before Conditioning, During Conditioning and After Conditioning
What are the components of operant conditioning?
Antecedent, behaviour, consequence
What are the 5 stages of observational learning?
Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation and reinforcement
What is the amygdala responsible for?
Encoding and retrieving emotionally charged memories
Determine a possible acrostic for the layers of a sandwich: Butter, Ham, Mayonnaise, Tomato, Pickle
Bert had mostly turned purple, or other
What type of 'approach to learning' is classical conditioning?
Behaviourist approach
What type of 'approach to learning' is operant conditioning?
Behaviourist Approach
Does reinforcement have to be direct for learning to occur according to the observational model?
No, reinforcement can occur intrinsically or vicariously which do not require the individual to receive a direct reinforcer.
What is the role of the hippocampus?
Hold short term memory, it is responsible for conscious thought, it encodes and retrieves explicit memories
What is the difference between an acrostic and an acronym?
An acrostic is a short poem, whereas an acronym is a pronounceable word where each letter is a memory cue.
Precipitating factor
How many types of conseuences does Skinner aknowledge in the operant conditioning model?
4, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment
Identify the difference between observational learning and First Nations model of learning.
Observational learning relies on the presence of a model and a learner. Whereas, the First Nations approach acknowledges a deep sense of connection to community, kinship and the country where learning is embedded in the relationship between the learner and their teachers.
What is the role of the neocortex?
Stores long term explicit memories
What might be the implications on imagining futures for a damaged hippocampus?
Problems with recalling past experiences, will rely on factual information as opposed to personal experiences such as feelings and experience.
What phenomenon occurs when the learnt response ceases?
Extinction
Identify a similarity between operant conditioning and classical conditioning
both are behaviourist approaches
both are 3-phase models
both require several trials for a behaviour to be learnt
Give an example of Observational learning without explicitly stating each stage as 'attention'... etc.
Multiple possible answers
involved in encoding and storing implicit memories, specifically those related to unconscious habits, simple reflexes, or procedural sequences of precise movements.
Where does the neurodegenerative disease Alzheimers generally begin and what type of memory is affected first?
The hippocampus, explicit - autobiographical (declarative)
How does this situation relate to classical conditioning?
You're trying to log into your favorite online game, but you can't remember your password. You try a few different combinations, but none seem to work. You start to feel anxious and frustrated.
Beginning of CC, NS - trying to type password in, UCS - forgetting password, UCR - frustrated and anxious
If you receive an increased amount of chores for the week because you have not completed your homework, what type of consequence has occurred and what is the likelihood you will repeat the behaviour?
A positive punishment, less likely to repeat the behaviour
Children were given various different models such as live models, cartoons and movies and shown violent behaviour to Bobo dolls, these children were more likely to imitate the aggressive behaviour. However, children who watch a model be reprimanded for their behaviour were less likely to reproduce aggressive behaviour
What is the role of the basal ganglia?
a group of brain structures involved in encoding and storing implicit memories, specifically those related to habit formation, procedural sequences of movements, and reward pathways.
What is the duration and capacity of each of the stages of memory?
Sensory: potentially unlimited capacity, 0.2-4 seconds
Short term: 5-9 items, 18-30 seconds
Long term: potentially unlimited storage and capacity