Organelles
Function of Ribosomes (2 words)
Protein Synthesis
What kind of molecules are able to diffuse straight through the plasma membrane without the aid of protein channels?
Molecules that are small, nonpolar, uncharged, and membrane-like(lipids).
What are the three major differences between active and passive transport?
Passive transport molecules flow with the concentration gradient, in active they flow against it. Passive transport does not require energy, and active does require energy. Passive transport flows from high to low concentration, active flows from low to high.
___ cells contain no nucleus, contain DNA floating in the Cytoplasm, contain no membrane-bound organelles, are smaller in size, and simpler in organization. ___ cells contain a nucleus, contain DNA in the nucleus, contain membrane-bound organelles, are larger in size, and more complex in organization.
1. Prokaryotic
2. Eukaryotic
When a blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution it will ____
Swell and burst
What is the difference between the cis face and trans face regarding the Golgi apparatus
The Cis face receives vesicles from the ER and the trans face ships them.
The hydrophillic heads and hydrophobic tails of phospholipids make the membrane _____ and allow it to be _____, only allowing certain things to pass through?
amphiphatic
semi-permeable
What are the proteins that let the downhill flow of one molecule drive the uphill flow of the another molecule?
Cotransporters
Evidence that the mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double-membrane structure, contain their own ribosomes and DNA, and reproduce independently within the cell supports the ___.
Endosymbiont Theory
If a cell that is 0.5 M is placed in a solution that is 0.8 M, where will the water flow?
Out of the cell
What is the functions of lysosomes?
Unsaturated phospholipid tails present in the plasma membrane in high-temperature environments help to reduce membrane _____?
fluidity
In Bulk transport, if an eukaryote is engulfing nutrients as food, it would be performing __________.
Phagocytosis
The root hairs, which are extensions of root epidermal cells, and the Villi and Microvilli, which are highly folded projections on the cells of the Small Intestine, allow plants to be more efficient in absorbing water and minerals from the soil and the Small Intestine to be more efficient in absorbing nutrients and digested food as they have a larger ___.
Surface Area
According to the Apple Core Lab, if an apple core gains weight after being placed in a solution, was the apple hyper, iso, or hypotonic to the solution?
Hypertonic
What are the 3 differences between the Rough ER and Smooth ER
Rough ER is continuous with Nucleus whereas smooth ER is continuous with Rough ER. Rough ER has ribosomes on the surface that makes it appear rough whereas smooth ER does not. Rough ER makes proteins/lipids and sends these in vesicles to the Golgi to expand or repair cell membrane. Smooth ER detoxifies drugs/poisons, stores Ca ions (calcium) and synthesizes lipids.
Glycoproteins and glycolipids are crucial components of the plasma membrane; their function most directly deals with?
Cell-to-cell communication and identification.
If a proton was to be pumped across the membrane, such as H+ ions, what would it require to get across?
A proton pump
Cells that are ___ in size have a ___ surface area to volume ratio, which allows them to efficiently regulate the diffusion of waste out of the cell and prevents waste from building up within the cell. Cells that are ___ in size have a ___ surface area to volume ratio, which causes these cells to face challenges in diffusing nutrients efficiently to all regions inside the cell.
1. Smaller; Larger
2. Larger; Smaller
Plant cells are best in ____ solutions and red blood cells are best in ____ solutions.
Hypotonic; isotonic
What are 3 functions of the cell wall in plant cells?
1. Protects the plant cell, maintains its shape & prevents excessive water absorption.
The primary function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is to?
provide structural support for cells and regulate cell functions.
In Bulk transport, if an eukaryote is engulfing nutrients as food, it would be performing __________.
Phagocytosis
___ allows many different metabolic processes and specific enzymatic reactions to occur simultaneously within the same cell which increases the efficiency of the cell in its ability to carry out its roles and functions.
Cell Compartmentalization
A plant cell with a solute potential of -1.5 and a pressure potential of -1. What is the water potential?
-2.5