Species Types
Population Graphs
Age structure diagrams
Human population pt 1
Human population part 2
100
Which species type (specialist or generalist) have a broad range of tolerance?
Generalist
100
What is the maximum population size that an environment can support indefinitely?
Carrying Capacity
100
Declining because there is a low percentage of pre reproductive age people
100
What term describes the average number of children a woman will have during her lifetime?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
100
What demographic transition stage has high birth and death rates?
Stage 1 (pre-industrial)
200
Which type of species typically produces many offspring with little parental care?
R selected
200
What survivorship curve is common for R selected species?
Type 3
200
What does an age structure diagram show?
Percent of males and females in a population by age range.
200
What is an example of a density dependent factor that affects population size?
Access to clear air and water, food availability, disease transmission, territory space
200
Which stage of the demographic transition model is characterized by rapid population growth due to high birth rates and declining death rates?
Stage 2 (Transitional)
300
Competition for these species is relatively low. (K or r)
R selected
Reproduce lots of offspring but not all survive so less competing, parents do not care for young so many die quickly, environments have plenty of food options
300
Which survivorship curve represents species with high infant mortality?
Type 3
300
What type of population pyramid shape indicates a rapidly growing population?
Wide base (pre reproductive age) and narrow top
300
In Stage 4 of the DTM, what two factors lead to population stabilization?
Low birth and death rates
300
What is the purpose of the rule of 70? What does it calculate?
How long it will take a population to double.
400
What type of species (K or R) are affected more by invasive species? Why?
K because invasive species are typically R selected and are more adaptable to the environment and can take away the resources from the K selected species.
400
What does a survivorship curve show?
The proportion or number of individuals surviving at each age.
400
A country’s age structure diagram looks like a rectangle. What does this shape suggest?
Stable population with low birth and death rates
400
What is a way to decrease infant mortality rate?
Access to good healthcare and nutrition
400
What factors affect TFR? What can be done to decrease this?
education opportunities, access to family planning and contraceptives.
500
Explain how the concepts of R/K-selection and specialist/generalist strategies might overlap in some species.
Some K-selected species are specialists because they invest heavily in few offspring and rely on stable habitats, while some r-selected species are generalists because they reproduce quickly and can exploit many different environments.
500
Why do Type III species produce so many offspring?
They die off young and not many survive so they reproduce a lot to increase the chances that some survive.
500
How can a country’s age structure diagram predict future challenges for its economy or social systems? (think wide base or lots of elderly) Explain one.
Countries with many young people may face strain on education and jobs, while those with many elderly face healthcare and pension challenges.
500
What is the equation for calculating growth percentage when given CBR and CDR?
|CBR-CDR|/10
500
Explain the difference between crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR)
CBR is births per 1000 per year, ad CDR is deaths per 1000 per year