chapter 1
what are open motor skills?
open motor skills: skills performed in an unpredictable, changing environment, requiring the performer to adapt their movements and decision-making in response to external factors.
sociocultural factors that affect skill development
family
peers
community
gender
cultural beliefs and traditions
What is biomechanics?
It is the study of forces and their effect on living things.
what are the 2 types of data?
primary and secondary data
types of feedback?
intrinsic feedback
augmented feedback
Fundamental skills can be classified into 3 distinct categories.
stability skills
locomotor skills
manipulative skills
characteristics of the learner during cogntive stage
trying to understand the skill
high cognitive load
inconsistent performance
large improvements in performance
what is momentum
Momentum is a measure of the amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion.
what happens during the preperation stage
during the preperation stage the person conducting the analysis comes up with a plan that outlines what they need to do in order to offer the best advice to a performer when it comes to making improvements in their technique
what is the critical window to develop fundamental movement skills?
list 3 examples of fine motor skills used in sport
gripping a tennis racquet
spinning a basketball with the fingers
controlling a golf club grip
catching a small ball with finger control
adjusting hand position when shooting a basketball
what are the three types of constraints that influence movement capabilities?
individual
environmental
task
what factors affect the path of a projectile?
angle of release
speed of release
heigh of release
What is an error correction?
Error correction is the process of identifying errors in a skill or performance and applying improvement strategies to fix those weaknesses.
what is static equilibrium?
For the body or an object to not be moving with a constant velocity.
If you were performing a free kick in soccer, how would you classify this movement activity?
A free kick in soccer is a gross motor skill because it uses large body movements. It is also a closed skill because the ball is stationary, the player can plan the movement, and the skill has a clear beginning and end.
A basketball coach asks a player to make 20 free throws using distributed practice.
The player is allowed to rest after every 5 completed shots. What are the pros and cons of this practice method?
It helps reduce tiredness, keeps the player focused, and allows them to practice their shooting technique with better control.
It can take longer to complete, and the rest breaks might interrupt the player’s rhythm.
Longer levers have what? And what adjustments do we make for junior sports?
Longer levers have a greater inertia and can produce more speed at the end of the lever, but they can be harder to control.
In junior sports, adjustments can be made by using smaller and lighter equipment, such as smaller bats, racquets or balls.Playing areas can also be made smaller, rules can be modified, and distances or heights can be reduced so children can perform skills safely and successfully.
What is a closed environment?
A setting where the learner has full control over the timing and execution of skills being performed.
A basketball player takes a free throw during a game. As soon as the ball leaves their hands, they feel that the shot has good technique and is likely to go in, so they start moving back into position. What type of feedback did the player use?
The player used intrinsic feedback because they judged the shot based on how the movement felt in their body, not from another person or the final result.
Explain the association between the development of fundamental movement skills, participation, and performance.
Fundamental movement skills, such as running, jumping, kicking, and catching, help people feel more confident in sports and physical activity. When these skills improve, people are more likely to participate. More participation gives them more practice, which can improve their overall performance.
How can music help an athlete reach a state of optimal arousal? applying the inverted U hypothesis.
examples?
Using the inverted U hypothesis, performance is best at a moderate arousal level. Fast music can increase energy if the athlete is too relaxed, while calm music can lower nerves if they are too anxious. This helps them reach optimal arousal and perform better.
gym - fast paced music get the heart pumping.
archery - calm music to really focus and dial in.
A weightlifter is squatting 200 kg. Identify the 3 forces acting during the squat. and explain what each are doing?
The applied force is the force produced by the weightlifter’s muscles to push the body and barbell upward. The gravitational force pulls the 200 kg barbell and the lifter downward. The frictional force acts between the lifter’s shoes and the ground, helping stop their feet from slipping during the squat.
What is an intervention evaluation?
An intervention evaluation is the process of assessing whether a program, strategy, or action has been effective in achieving its intended outcome. It involves collecting and analysing information before, during, or after the intervention to determine if improvements occurred and whether the intervention should be continued, changed, or stopped.
What is the law of inertia? and an example?
The law of inertia states that an object will stay still or keep moving in the same direction and speed unless an outside force acts on it.
A soccer ball will stay still on the ground until a player kicks it. Once it is moving, it will keep moving until forces like friction, air resistance or another player stop it.