Cell Cycle Basics
This phase includes G1, S, and G2.
What is interphase?
Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell in this stage.
What is metaphase?
These proteins rise and fall during the cell cycle.
What are cyclins?
This checkpoint checks cell size and nutrients.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
Cells stop dividing when they touch other cells.
What is density‑dependent inhibition?
DNA is copied during this phase of the cell cycle.
What is S phase?
Sister chromatids separate during this stage.
What is anaphase?
These enzymes are activated only when cyclins bind.
What are CDKs?
This checkpoint checks for DNA replication errors.
What is the G2 checkpoint?
Cells must be attached to divide.
What is anchorage dependence?
This phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
What is the M phase?
Nuclear envelopes reform during this stage.
What is telophase?
This cyclin‑CDK complex controls entry into mitosis.
What is MPF?
This checkpoint ensures chromosomes attach to spindle fibers.
What is the M checkpoint?
These proteins stimulate cell division during wound repair.
What are growth factors?
Cells that leave the cycle and stop dividing enter this phase.
What is G0?
The cytoplasm divides during this process.
What is cytokinesis?
MPF is made of these two molecules.
What are cyclin B and CDK1?
Cells with unfixable DNA damage do this.
What is apoptosis?
Hormones are best described as this type of signal.
What are chemical regulators?
This checkpoint decides if a cell enters S phase or exits the cycle.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
This structure ensures chromosomes separate correctly.
What is the mitotic spindle?
Failure to break down cyclin B would cause this problem.
What is failure to exit mitosis?
Loss of checkpoint control can lead to this disease.
What is cancer?
Cancer cells often ignore these external controls.
What are external regulators?