3.1 Units of Life
What is different between a plant and animal cell?
Plant and animal cells differ in key structures and functions; plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a large central vacuole, while animal cells lack these and instead possess lysosomes and centrioles.
Why is it important to know the proper names of external parts for animals?
Knowing the proper terminology for animal parts is important for communication about health, management, and selection of animals.
What are the major functions of the respiratory system?
Functions include gas exchange, bringing oxygen from the air into the body, and expelling carbon dioxide from the body into the air.
What is the definition of homeostasis?
The tendency of a system, esp. the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus tending to disturb its normal condition or function.
What is the mitochondria?
Cell organelles composed of an outer membrane and a winding inner membrane. A series of chemical reactions that occur on the inner membrane convert the energy of oxidation into the chemical energy of ATP.
What are 5 organelles
• Cell membrane • Centriole • Centrosome • Cytoskeleton • Cytosol (cytoplasm) • Golgi • Endoplasmic reticulum • Lysosome • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • Nucleolus • Peroxisome • Ribosome • Secretory vesicle • Vacuole
What are the 3 different types of muscle tissue?
Cardiac
Skeletal
Smooth
What are the major functions of the circulatory system?
Functions include delivering nutrients, oxygen, and hormones throughout the body through the blood and expelling waste from the body.
What is the definition of Central Nervous System?
The brain and spinal cord in vertebrates, which receive sensory impulses and from which motor impulses issue.
What is osmosis?
The flow of water through a semi-permeable membrane separating two solutions, which permits the passage of the solvent but not the dissolved substance. The water will flow from a weaker to a stronger solution, thus tending to equalize concentrations.
What happens to the respiration rate of a cell if the temperature increases?
The respiration rate will increase if there are no limiting inputs.
What are 3 different types of animal tissues
Bone
Cartilage
Epithelial
Muscle
Ligaments
Tendons
What is the difference between external and internal respiration?
External respiration involves gas exchange between the lungs and the external environment (air), while internal respiration involves gas exchange between the blood and body tissues.
External Respiration (Lungs):
Internal Respiration (Tissues):
What is the definition of cartilage?
A firm but pliant type of tissue forming portions of the skeleton.
What is the best way to get a accurate reading of respiration rate?
When they don't know that you are doing it?
Describe Metabolism and why it is important for animal growth
Metabolism is the process in cells to produce energy using raw materials. Metabolism is important for animal growth because it produces the needed energy for animals to grow.
What is the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Tendons- connect muscle to bone
Ligaments- Connects two bones at a joint
How and where does gas exchange occur during external respiration?
During external respiration, the air drawn into the lungs has a higher concentration of oxygen, and the blood in the capillaries of the lungs has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide allowing diffusion of the two gases to occur.
What is the definition of tissue?
Groups of cells working together to carry out a common function, such as muscle tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.
What do the 2 numbers in a blood pressure mean?
In a blood pressure reading, the two numbers represent systolic and diastolic pressure: the top number (systolic) is the pressure when the heart beats, while the bottom number (diastolic) is the pressure when the heart rests between beats.
Explain the concept of diffusion. Why do some substances enter the cell when other substances do not?
Diffusion is the transfer of substances through a semi-permeable membrane separating two solutions. Some solutes have molecules too large to fit through the pores of a membrane.
What are the 5 different systems in the body of an animal
Circulatory- Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body, and removes waste products.
Digestive- Processes food, breaking it down into absorbable nutrients.
Excretory- to remove waste products and excess water from the body, maintaining homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and blood pH.
Nervous- Receives, processes, and transmits information, enabling coordination and control of bodily functions.
Respiratory- Facilitates gas exchange, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
How do the pulmonary arteries and veins differ from other arteries and veins?
Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs; other arteries carry oxygen-rich blood to organs. Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart; other veins carry oxygen-poor blood to the heart.
What is Hypertonic, Isotomic, and Hypotonic?
Hypertonic – Describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell.
Hypotonic – Describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell.
Isotonic – Describing a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell.
How do the nervous, endocrine, and renal systems relate to other systems and reactions within an animal?
Answers should discuss the transmission of signals throughout the body, secreting hormones, which affect the other systems.