Continental Drift
Asia and Europe are different continents; however, they are part of one landmass called
Eurasia
What are divergent boundaries and what do they create?
-plates move away from each other
-form ocean ridges or mountains
faulting is________
the breaking of the Earth's crust and the sliding of the blocks of crust along the break
What is orogenesis?
the process of mountain formation
Observations can be either ________ or ________
direct or indirect
Isostasy means
*The equilibrium that exists between parts of the earth's crust, which behaves as if it consists of blocks floating on the underlying mantle, rising if material (such as an ice cap) is removed and sinking if material is deposited.
*The theory of Isostasy explains the tendency of Earth's crust to attain equilibrium and distribution of the material in Earth's crust.
What are convergent boundaries and what do they create?
- plates move toward each other
- form trenches and mountains
The force that causes Earth's crust in deform (change its shape or volume) is called______
stress
fault-block boundaries are formed at ________ boundaries
divergent
the differences is tensional, compressional, and shearing stress are_________
tensional - moving apart
compressional - moving together
shearing - moving/sliding past eachother
Geologists found that the _______ poles of each continent had changed many times.
magnetic
What are transform boundaries and what do they create?
- plates move horizontally past each other
- doesn't create or destroy crust much
Folding is _____________
bending of rock layers resulting from stress in the Earth's crust
folded mountains and volcanic mountains are formed by ______________ boundaries
convergent
the land mass above and below the fault are called _________ and ___________
hanging wall and footwall
To make a connection - convection currents and the theory of plate tectonics are referred to as a _______ ________(grocery store mechanism)
conveyor belt
The Andes Mountain are growing due to what kind of plate movement
subduction zone
Faulting causes ____________ fault
strike-slip fault
__________ are formed from colliding plates that are pushed together gently or lava flows that have built up on the land's surface
plateaus
North American and Pacific plates are sliding past each other at _______ rate per year
4cm-6cm
The _________ acts like a barrier between the lithosphere and the rest of the mantle
asthenosphere
What findings did Henry Hess discover that led him to the theory of seafloor spreading
- ocean was warmer in some areas than on other areas
- warmer crust was thinner and newer than the cooler crust
3 basic types of stress are called_________, __________, and ________________
-tensional
-compressional
-shearing
Most mountain ranges are found on the edge of ________
tectonic plates
Magnetic stripes mirroring each other on either side of an oceanic ridge supports what theory
Seafloor spreading