Sleep/Wake Cycle
The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours. It influences patterns of alertness, hormone release, body temperature, and other physiological processes.
What is circadian rhythm?
Brain waves slow down, muscles relax, and individuals may experience sudden muscle contractions
What is hypnic jerks?
Substances that bind to neurotransmitter receptors and mimic their effects, enhancing neural activity.
What is agonists?
Substances that bind to neurotransmitter receptors without activating them, blocking the effects of neurotransmitters
What is antagonists?
The state of being aware of and able to perceive one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and surroundings. It involves various levels, from alert wakefulness to altered states such as sleep or meditation.
What is consciousness?
The first stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by drifting in and out of sleep, lasting only a few minutes.
What is NREM Stage 1?
This sleep stage is associated with increased brain activity, including dreaming, and plays a role in memory consolidation and emotional processing
What is REM Sleep?
Medications that block the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by the sending neuron, thereby increasing the concentration of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and enhancing neurotransmission
What is reuptake inhibitors?
Drugs that increase neural activity and arousal, leading to heightened alertness, attention, and energy levels
What is stimulants?
A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns, daytime fatigue, and other health problems
What is sleep apnea?
During NREM Stage 2, brain waves further slow down, and and there are short bursts of brain activity
What is sleep spindles?
The deepest stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep characterized by the presence of predominantly delta waves
What is NREM Stage 3?
depressant drug that slows down neural activity in the central nervous system. It can impair judgment, coordination, and cognitive functions, leading to relaxation, euphoria, and in higher doses, intoxication.
What is alcohol?
Drugs that slow down neural activity and bodily functions. They induce relaxation, sedation, and can lower inhibitions
What is depressants?
A sleep disorder commonly known as sleepwalking, characterized by walking or performing other activities while still asleep. It typically occurs during non-REM sleep stages and can result in injuries or accidents
What is somnambulism?
The phenomenon where the body increases the time spent in REM sleep after a period of REM deprivation
What is REM rebound?
The theory that suggests that during sleep, the brain organizes and integrates information acquired throughout the day, contributing to memory storage and learning
What is Consolidation Theory (Dreams)?
psychoactive drugs that act on opioid receptors in the brain and body, producing pain relief, euphoria, and sedation.
What is opioids?
Drugs that alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes, often causing hallucinations or profound changes in consciousness
What is hallucinogens?
The onset of symptoms when a person stops using a psychoactive substance after prolonged use. Symptoms can include physical discomfort, psychological distress, and cravings for the drug
What is withdrawal?
A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or experiencing restorative sleep, leading to daytime impairment such as fatigue, mood disturbances, and decreased cognitive function
What is insomnia?
A highly addictive opioid drug derived from morphine. It produces intense euphoria, pain relief, and sedation by binding to opioid receptors in the brain
What is heroine?
A condition where increasing amounts of a psychoactive substance are needed to achieve the same effects. It occurs due to the brain's adaptation to the drug, leading to reduced sensitivity to its effects over time.
What is tolerance?
A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sudden episodes of muscle weakness (cataplexy), sleep paralysis, and hallucinations during sleep onset or awakening
What is narcolepsy?