Development Psychology
A psychologist studies whether intelligence is influenced more by genetics or by environment. This debate is known as:
Nature vs. nurture
A baby whose caregivers consistently respond to their needs is MOST likely developing:
Trust
A teenager begins thinking about imaginary situations and future possibilities. According to Piaget, this stage is:
Formal operational
Parents set clear rules but also explain reasons and show support. This parenting style is:
Authoritative
A dog conditioned to fear one loud alarm also becomes afraid of similar alarm sounds. This BEST demonstrates:
Generalization
A pregnant woman is warned not to drink alcohol because it could harm the developing fetus. Alcohol in this situation is considered a:
Teratogen
A child can solve a difficult puzzle only when an adult gives hints and guidance. This BEST demonstrates:
Zone of proximal development
A child understands that another person may have different thoughts and feelings from their own. This ability is called:
Theory of mind
Parents demand obedience, use strict rules, and rarely explain decisions. This parenting style is:
Authoritarian
A student receives praise every time they complete homework, increasing the behavior. This is:
Positive reinforcement
When a baby’s cheek is touched, the baby automatically turns toward the touch. This is called the:
Rooting reflex
A baby cries when a toy is hidden under a blanket but then searches for it. This suggests the baby has developed:
Object permanence
A toddler says “goed” instead of “went.” This is an example of:
Overregularization
A dog learns to salivate when hearing a bell because the bell was repeatedly paired with food. This is an example of:
Classical conditioning
A car stops making an annoying beeping sound after the driver fastens their seatbelt. This increases seatbelt use because of:
Negative reinforcement
Learning to run, jump, and climb are examples of:
Gross motor skills
A child assumes everyone else sees the world exactly the same way they do. According to Piaget, this is called:
Egocentrism
A toddler says “Want cookie” instead of a complete sentence. This BEST represents:
Telegraphic speech
In Pavlov’s experiment, the food that naturally caused salivation was the:
Unconditioned stimulus
Slot machines reward players after an unpredictable number of responses. This reinforcement schedule is:
Variable-ratio
A teenager spends time trying to figure out who they are and what they believe in. According to Erikson, this stage is:
Identity vs role confusion
A child realizes that water poured into a taller glass still has the same amount as before. This understanding is called:
Conservation
A child explores the playground confidently but returns to their caregiver for comfort when scared. This BEST demonstrates:
Secure attachment
After the bell is repeatedly rung without food, the dog slowly stops salivating. This process is called:
Extinction
A child learns aggressive behavior after watching an older sibling act aggressively. This BEST demonstrates:
Modeling