DNA/RNA Structure
What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
In the RNA molecule, which nitrogenous base is found in place of thymine?
Uracil
Transcription must occur before translation may occur. True or False?
true!
Is a substitution mutation or a frameshift mutation more harmful to DNA?
FRAMESHIFT - affects the rest of the line!!
How do the base pairs match during DNA Replication (A, C, G, T)?
A - T
C - G
What is the sugar found in RNA?
Ribose
If the DNA template reads GCA, which of the following is the corresponding sequence on the mRNA?
CGU
The genetic code translates from mRNA to amino acids how many bases at a time?
3 bases = 1 codon
This mutation puts a premature STOP codon into the sequence.
NONSENSE MUTATION
Which of the macromolecules are built of amino acids?
proteins
Are RNA molecules double stranded or single stranded?
Are DNA molecules double stranded or single stranded?
RNA - single
DNA - double
What does the m in mRNA stand for?
messenger
What does the t in tRNA stand for?
In a DNA strand, a C is mutated and substituted with a T. However, when the proteins were translated, they were the same.
This mutation is called:
SILENT MUTATION - SUBSTITUTION
How do the base pairs match going from DNA to mRNA (transcription)?
A - U
T - A
C - G
G - C
What is the complementary DNA sequence to the following strand? INCLUDE THE NUMBERS!
5' ATCGA 3'
3' TAGCT 5'
DNA Sequence: CCC ACG TCT . What is the mRNA sequence?
GGG UGC AGA
Where does protein synthesis take place?
Ribosome
In a DNA strand, a C is mutated and substituted with a T. This changed the amino acid from the original amino acid.
This mutation is called:
MISSENSE (made a mistake) - SUBSTITUTION
Organize the steps of DNA replication below.
1. A leading and lagging strand are formed & DNA polymerase adds nucleotides
2. DNA helicase unwinds DNA & Replication fork is formed
3. The strands are bound together by ligase
2, 1, 3
A scientist sequences the human genome and finds that 42% of the DNA bases are Guanine. What percent of the DNA bases are Cytosine?
42%
Where does transcription take place in the cell?
Nucleus
Identify the correct amino acid sequence from the mRNA the following mRNA sequence: GGC CUC CCU
Glycine - Leucine - Proline
In a DNA strand, an extra G is inserted. This changes all of the amino acids created from that point on.
This mutation is called:
FRAMESHIFT - INSERTION
What is the central dogma of biology?
Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins