DNA Structure & Base Pairing
The nitrogen base that pairs with Adenine (A) in DNA
What is Thymine (T)?
The primary purpose of DNA replication before a cell divides
What is to make an exact copy of the genetic material?
The three parts that make up Interphase
What are G1, S, and G2?
The cell cycle is disrupted and cells divide uncontrollably
What is Cancer?
The cellular process that enables a lizard to regrow a lost tail
What is Mitosis/Cell Division/ Cell Cycle?
The type of bond that holds complementary base pairs together across the center of DNA
What is Hydrogen bond?
The specific part of Interphase that does DNA replication
What is S phase (Synthesis)?
If a body cell with 42 chromosomes undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each new cell have
What are 42 Chromosomes?
The term for programmed cell death used to remove damaged cells
What is Apoptosis?
The non-dividing state that mature cells enter when they exit the active cell cycle
This term describes the two strands of DNA running in opposite directions
What is Antiparallel ?
This enzyme unzips the DNA double helix during replication
(Bonus points +100 what bonds does this enzyme break)
What is Helicase? (+100 Hydrogen Bonds)
The three primary purposes of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms
What is for Growth, tissue repair, and replacing damaged cells?
The structural mass that forms when crowding occurs because cells lack contact inhibition
What is a Tumor?
The purpose of Interphase
What is Cell Growth, DNA Replication and Preparation for Division?
The three parts that make up a single DNA nucleotide
(Bonus +300 for the shape of All 3 parts)
What is Phosphate (Circle +100), Sugar (+100 Pentagon), and Nitrogen Base (Square/Rectangle +100)?
This rule ensures that the newly synthesized DNA strand is accurate
What are the Complementary base-pairing rules (A-T, C-G) ?
The purpose of the M-phase (Hint: 2 Parts to Answer)
What is to divide/separate the Nucleus (DNA) and the Cytoplasm (Cytokinesis)?
These control the cell cycle and make sure everything is done correctly before continuing the cell cycle.
What are Checkpoints?
This type of tumor stays localized in one place and does not invade other tissues
What are Benign Tumor?
The specific part of the DNA molecule that carries the actual genetic code for traits
What is the sequence/order of nitrogen bases
These are produced when one DNA double helix undergoes complete replication
What are Two identical DNA double helices
Cytokinesis is different in plants and animals because...
Cytokinesis in plants is done by forming a cell plate (New cell wall) between cells
Cytokinesis in animals is done by pinching off cells (cleavage furrow)
Examples of Environmental factors that can cause mutations that lead to cancer.
What is (only need 1):
UV Radiation?
Carcinogens (Smoking, chemicals)?
Pollution?
Diet/Exercise ?
The two primary cell cycle processes work together to ensure accurate distribution of the genetic material
What are DNA Replication and Mitosis?