History
Definitions
Quantum theory
Orbitals
Electron Configuration
200
Discovered that light is quantized, consisting of packets of energy. Father of quantum theory.
Planck (1900)
200
Light is made of what particle?
photons
200
What does plancks constant (h) equal?
Give magnitude and unit.
h = 6.626*10-34 J*s
200
The volume of space that an electron occupies around the nucleus is called what?
an orbital
200
This rule states that electrons must fill lower energy orbitals before filling higher energy orbitals.
Aufbau principle
400
Received Nobel Prize in physics for explaining the photoelectric effect. He called the tiny energy packets "photons".
Einstein (1905)
400
What is the speed of light? Give magnitude and unit.
3x108 m/s
400
What model of the atom is depicted here?
Bohr model
400
What are the 4 types of orbitals?
s, p, d, f
400
What is the unabbreviated electron config of lithium, Li.
1s22s1
600
Proposed the first quantum model of the atom with electrons orbiting around the nucleus at distinct energy levels. His theory only worked for H.
Bohr (1913)
600
The speed of light (c) equals what parameters of a light wave?
c = λν
600
What is the maximum number of energy levels (shells) an atom can have?
seven
600
Which orbital has the highest amount of energy?
f orbitals
600
What is the unabbreviated electron config of carbon, C?
1s22s22p2
800
Proposed that particles with mass can also behave like waves in the space around the nucleus.
Louis de Broglie (1924)
800
The distance between a location on a wave to the same location on the succeeding wave (crest to crest)
wavelength
800
What state is this electron in?
ground state
800
What orbitals are located in the 2nd shell?
Give name and number of each.
s orbital
px, py, and pz orbitals
800
What is the abbreviated electron config of zirconium, Zr?
[Kr] 5s24d2
1000
Developed an equation to describe electrons as waves in 3-D orbitals. He developed a wave calculation that laid the foundation for modern quantum theory.
Erwin Schrödinger (1926)
1000
The lowest allowable energy state of an atom
ground state
1000
What is the formula to find energy of a particle?
E = hv
1000
How many electrons can fit in the 3rd shell (energy level) of atoms?
18 electrons
1000
What is the abbreviated electron configuration of iodine, I?
[Kr] 5s24d105p5
1200
Philosopher that suggested matter was made of indivisible units he called "atomos".
Democritus (~400 BC)
1200
The set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms of an element
line emission spectrum
1200
What is the unit for energy?
joules, J
1200
What orbitals are shown below?
s orbital (left) and p orbital (right)
1200
What principle states that only two electrons can occupy an orbital?
Pauli exclusion principle
1400
Discovered the electron.
J.J. Thomson (1904)
1400
The minimum amount of energy that can be lost or gained an atom.
quantum
1400
What is the unit for frequency?
Hz, s-1, 1/s
1400
How many electrons can the 1st shell hold?
two
1400
How many valence electrons does Radon, Rn, have?
eight
1600
Discovered that an atoms mass and positive charge is concentrated at the center (nucleus).
Rutherford (1911)
1600
A three-dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron’s probable location
orbital
1600
Rewrite this equation using wavelength.
E = hv
E = hc/λ
1600
How many electrons can the d-sublevel hold?
10 electrons
1600
What is the unabbreviated electron config of beryllium, Be?
1s22s2
1800
First to prove that matter was made of atoms.
Dalton (~1800)
1800
The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually per one second. Measured in hertz (Hz)
frequency
1800
what type of light has the lowest amount of energy?
radio waves
1800
How many sublevels are in the 3rd shell?
3
1800
Which atom has the following electron config?
[Xe] 6s2
Barium, Ba
2000
Determined the mass and charge of an electron.
Millikan
2000
What equation would you use to determine the wavelength of a light wave that has a frequency of 3 Hz?
Must be in correct form.
λ = c/v
2000
For an electron to change from ground state to an excited state, energy must be ___________.
Absorbed
2000
How many elctrons can the 4th shell hold?
32 electrons total
2000
What is the abbreviated electron config of phosphorus, P?
[Ne] 3s23p3