Enzymes
Enzymes are made of what macromolecule?
proteins
What colors are the right wavelengths to be used for photosynthesis?
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet
What are stacks of thylakoids called?
Grana
What are two reactants of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
light, H2O, NADP+, ADP and Pi
What are two reactants of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
CO2, ATP, and NADPH
How do enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?
By lowering the activation energy
What is the major pigment used in photosynthesis?
chlorophyll
Where in the chloroplasts do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
The thylakoid (specifically in the thylakoid membranes)
What are two products of the light reactions of photosynthesis?
O2, NADPH, and ATP
What are two products of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
sugar, NADP+, ADP, and Pi
What is activation energy?
The amount of energy required to start a reaction
What is the purpose of photosynthetic pigments?
To capture sunlight (photons)
Where in the chloroplasts do the dark reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis occur?
In the stroma
Where is the energy from the photons being transferred to?
To the electrons
What is the enzyme driving the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
Rubisco
In which type of reaction do the reactants have more energy than the products?
Exergonic/Exothermic
Which color of light do chlorophylls reflect?
green
Which organelle is vastly involved in energy conversion besides the chloroplast?
mitochondria
What ion is driving the ATP synthase in the electron transport chain (ETC)?
H+
What are the three stages of the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction - organic C into sugar
3. Regeneration of RuBP (substrate for rubisco rxn)
Which type of enzyme inhibition is more efficient?
Noncompetitive inhibitor
What color of light do carotenoids typically reflect?
red/orange
What are four characteristics of the chloroplast that indicate it was once a free-living prokaryote?
1. Double membrane
2. Have their own DNA
3. Have their own ribosomes
4. Can reproduce on their own
What connects PSI to PSII?
The ETC
What's the sugar first produced from the Calvin cycle?
G3P