Lecture 11
When it is drought season in the Galapagos Islands, which type of finch became negatively impacted by the environment?
Small beak finches. Their small beaks could not crack through big seeds that were prevalent during the drought season so they largely died out.
When not all individuals of a population is allowed to reproduce, what is this called?
random sampling
True or false: Migration always requires the movement of individuals
False
True or false: Adaption and Evolution are the same thing
false
What conditions must be observed in a population for it to follow the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
1. no mutations
2. infinite population size
3. no gene flow
4. random mating
5. no selection
We examine a bunch of zebras living in the savannah. Not all the zebras get to mate, leading only a few to reproduce. Because of the random sampling, their gene frequencies have changed by the next generation. What is this called?
Genetic Drift
What are the effects of migration?
It causes the homogenization of species.
gladys the gazelle is an extremely fast runner due to a Z gene she possesses in a her genome. This allows her to outrun the hungry cheetahs and she is able to reproduce as a result. The slower gazelle who lacked the Z gene were consumed by the cheetahs. Gladys makes 5 baby gazelles who all have the Z gene and are all fast runners. What is this Z gene called?
The DNA polymerase transcribes a DNA sequence but makes a mistake. It changed a nucleotide which resulted in a premature stop codon. What is this mistake called?
A nonsense mutation
A school of fish with various gene frequencies are swimming in the ocean, when suddenly a small population of the fish are washed a way by a strong current, leading them to a new part of water to colonize. What is this called?
the founder effect
what are the two types of dispersal we learned in class and give an example of each
True or false: fitness is the measure of reproductive success
true
Annie goes to the doctor to have her genome sequenced. She is shocked when she realizes her entire genome has been duplicated. What is this mutation called?
polyploidy
A group of monkeys are resting peacefully in the African dry lands, when suddenly a massive fire occurs from a lightning strike. The fire kills the majority of the monkeys at random, only leaving a few lucky ones alive. What is this called?
The bottle neck effect.
the isolation causes the populations to diverge. Their gene flow decreases dramatically because of the barrier.
give an example of a population that faces extremely high selection pressure
If I duplicated the thorax HOX genes on a fruit fly what would be the result of this mutation?
The fruit fly would have two sets of thorax/wings.
What is a potential negative effect of the bottle neck effect?
Answers will vary.
When analyzing metapopulations, what is a source?
movement out of the
pop is greater than
movement in
As benny the bird watches a human, realizes if he pecks hard enough at a bottle cap he can untwist it to feed on the milk inside the bottle. Other birds follow suit when they watch benny. is this an adaptive trait?
no, this is a nonadaptive trait. Learning a skill is not heritable.