Water & Minerals
Minerals that dissolve in water and are either positively or negatively charged atoms.
What are ions?
Exposure to these factors (name at least 3) causes destruction of most B vitamins during the storage and preparation of foods.
What are heat, UV light, water leaching, oxygen exposure, pH?
The vitamin that is most commonly associated with toxicity.
What is vitamin A?
______ describes the minimal amount of energy required to maintain life at rest.
What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
Defective collagen synthesis caused by vitamin C deficiency.
What is scurvy?
Electrolyte that activates muscle cells during a muscle contraction.
What is sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium?
Organic compounds that combine with an inactive enzyme to form an active form
What are coenzymes?
The storage site(s) for fat-soluble vitamins
What is mostly the liver, but also fat tissue?
The phenomenon that describes how the human body naturally defends a pre-determined weight or body fat range through internal homeostatic feedback mechanisms.
What is set-point theory?
Disease characterized by poor mineralization of newly synthesized bones because of low calcium content.
What is rickets?
Solution that has equal concentration of solutes.
What is isotonic?
B vitamin that is only naturally found in foods of animal origin.
What is vitamin B-12?
Food sources of vitamin E.
What are nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils?
The most significant contributor to BMR.
What is lean body mass?
The absence of a major portion or all of the brain and skull.
What is anencephaly?
Water loss that can be measured.
What is sensible water loss?
The denaturation of avidin in eggs increases the bioavailability of _____.
The only nutrient that is also a hormone.
What is vitamin D?
The thermic effect of food is highest for this macronutrient:_______.
What is protein?
Excessive ______ intake impairs the absorbability of thiamine from food, thus causing Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in severe deficiencies.
What is alcohol?
_____ __________ causes severe dilution of blood.
What is water intoxication?
Foods made with refined grains are enriched with four B vitamins: _____, ______, _______, and ______.
What are thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid?(also iron!)
Vitamin that allows proteins to bind to calcium, therefore forming blood clotting factors.
What is vitamin K?
A BMI of < 18.5
What is underweight?
The 4 D's of niacin deficiency disease (pellagra).
What is dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis, and death?