DNA/RNA
The building blocks of DNA and RNA
Nucleotides
Where does transcription take place? Translation?
Nucleus, Ribosome
How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? Are they genetically identical?
2, yes
What is the purpose of meiosis
produce haploid gametes
What is a gene?
A segment of DNA that contains instructions for a functional product, often a protein
The nitrogen base pairs in DNA
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
The purpose of transcription
create mRNA from DNA
What types of human cells undergo mitosis
somatic (body)
How many daughter cells are produced after meiosis?
4
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the allele combination; phenotype is the observable trait.
The nitrogen base pair present in RNA, but not DNA
Uracil
What is the name of the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid?
codon
What is the purpose of mitosis (give two)
growth, repair, cell replacement
How many chromosomes does a human gamete have? are these cells dipolid or haploid?
23, haploid
Cross a heterozygous parent and a homozygous recessive parent, where B is dominant. What percentage of offspring will show the dominant phenotype?
50%
What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur. Be specific.
S phase of interphase
If the DNA template strand is TAC-AAA-CGG, what is the complementary mRNA sequence?
AUG-UUU-GCC
During what phase do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?
Anaphase
During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? What is the purpose?
Prophase 1. Genetic Variation
A recessive genetic trait appears in a child even though neither parent shows the trait. If the trait follows simple Mendelian inheritance, what must be true about the parents' genotypes?
Both parents must carry at least one recessive allele; both are heterozygous carriers.
If one Strand of DNA has the base sequence AGCTAT, the complimentary strand of DNA would have what sequence
TCGATA
A strand of mRNA containing the sequence UUC GCA AAG UGA would code for which amino acids?
Phe Ala Lys STOP
A body cell has 46 chromosomes before mitosis. How many chromosomes will the daughter cells have all together?
96
How and why does Meiosis produce genetically different cells?
Crossing over exchanges DNA between homologous chromosomes, increasing genetic variation
What is the name of the three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid?
codon