DNA
Carriers of genetic information that are found within the nucleus and are comprised of DNA and proteins.
Chromosomes
AUG
Austrian Monk that is known as the Father of Genetics
Mendel
The number of human chromosomes carried in haploid cells
23
The enzyme responsible for breaking hydrogen bonds between DNA strands
Helicase
Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to determine this important piece of information about DNA
It's shape (double-helix)
The process in which mRNA is synthesized from a single-stranded DNA template in the nucleus
Transcription
Both copies of this allele need to be present in order to be expressed
Recessive allele
A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
Diploid cell
The enzyme responsible for gluing together DNA pieces after synthesis
Ligase
The amount of A = T and G = C in each species.
The base pair rule
The process by which polypeptides (proteins) are synthesized from mRNA in the cytoplasm
Translation
Dominant allele
Interphase
Topoisomerase
Cytosine and thymine make up this group of nitrogenous bases
Pyrimidines
The name for three RNA nucleotides which are read to determine corresponding amino acids
Codon
Mendel's principle which states that factors of a trait separate independently of one another during gamete formation
The Principle of Independent Assortment
The phase in which homologous chromosome pairs line up at the meta plate to be separated
Metaphase 1
The DNA strand that gets synthesized in fragments due to it's 3' - 5' orientation
The lagging strand
The replication of DNA in which new DNA contains one old and one new strand.
Semi-conservative
The end of each tRNA, comprising of a sequence of three nucleotides
Anti-codon
The principle which states that two factors (alleles) for a trait separate during gamete formation
Law of Segregation
The number of haploid daughter cells produced after Telophase II/Cytokinesis II
4
The enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from a single-stranded template
DNA Polymerase III