Biological, Sociocultural and Envio Factors
Identify a difference in health status between males and females (using a comparison statement)
Males have (lower life expectancy/higher mortality rates/higher BOD/higher rates of...) compared to females.
How does smoking contribute to health status
Smoking causes faults in cells as they divide increasing the risk of many types of cancer such as lung cancer therefore increasing incidence of lung cancer.
Define Mortality and Morbidity?
Mortality - death
Morbidity - illness
What dimension of health and wellbeing does self-esteem fall under?
Mental
Identify an environmental factor that contributes to the difference in health status between males and females
Exposure to dangerous workplaces including: building sites, farms, mines, roads, outdoor areas (UV exposure)
Explain how smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease.
Which model of health focuses on the physical or biological aspects of disease and illness. It is associated with diagnosis, treatment and a cure of disease.
Biomedical model
The Ottawa charter identifies three basic strategies for health promotion. What are these 3 strategies?
Enable, Mediate, Advocate
Explain the use of H&WB as an acronym in the exam
Must be written as health and wellbeing (H&WB) in each question and then able to use H&WB after that until a new question.
Maternal tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and maternal nutrition and exposure to certain chemicals, bacteria and viruses during pregnancy - might impact birth weight causing weak immune system and higher rates of U5M, infant mortality, and increase rates of CVD and type 2 diabetes when older.
Other than alcohol being energy dense, how does increased consumption of alcohol contribute to BOD
Alcohol is filtered through the liver and over time can contribute to liver disease which increases YLD due to liver disease, therefore contributing to overall burden of disease
Outline a strength and a limitation of the social model of health
Strength - promotes good health and wellbeing and assists in preventing diseases. Can be cost-effective. Focuses on vulnerable population groups and the broader determinants of health. Focuses on education which can be sustainable for generations.
Limitations - not every condition can be prevented. Does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge. Health promotion messages can be ignored.
Bad cats smell dad rats. What action areas make up the Ottawa charter.
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environment
- Strengthen community action
- Develop personal skills
- Re orient health services
When a question refers to climate change, what three things must you link to at least once?
- Rising sea levels
- Changing weather patterns
- Extreme weather conditions
Identify and describe an sociocultural factor that contributes to a difference in health status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
Sociocultural factor - low SES, higher rates of employment, social exclusion, higher rates of food insecurity, early life experiences and lack of access to health care.
Indigenous Australians have (lower life expectancy/higher mortality rates/higher BOD/higher rates of...) compared to non-Indigenous Australians.
What is a high BMI and how does it contribute to YLD due to arthritis in Australia.
High BMI is 25 or more and is a body mass to height ratio. Having a high BMI places extra strain on joints, increasing risk of arthritis therefore increasing YLD due to arthritis.
Name 5 policies and practices associated with old public health
- Establishment of water and sewage systems, better sanitation
- Quarantine laws
- Elimination of housing slums
- Improved food and nutrition
- Improved working conditions
- More hygienic birthing practices
- Provision of antenatal and infant welfare services
To tackle smoking in the community the following has occurred:
- A smoking unit in my high school health classes which teaches the students about the impact of smoking
- Asked the doctors in the local community to take on an educator role and focus on anti-smoking programs.
- Banned smoking in public places
What Ottawa charter action areas have I taken?
- Develop personal skills
- Re orient health services
- Build health public policy
What are the golden rules associated with linking to Burden of Disease
- Must link to a disease and then link to either YLL, YLD or DALY
- Finish with 'therefore contributing to overall burden of disease'
A biological factor is 'blood cholesterol levels - explain how this factor could link to a difference in health status between those living outside of Australia's major cities compared to those living in Australia's major cities.
Those living outside of Australia's major cities are more likely to have higher blood cholesterol compared to those living in Australia's major cities.
Cholesterol is a type of fat required for human functioning, too much of one type of cholesterol 'low density lipoprotein' can lead to atherosclerosis. This can lead to interrupted blood flow which can increase risk of heart attack therefore lowering life expectancy of those living outside of Australia's major cities compared to in Australia's major cities.
Under-consuming vegetables can contribute to variations in health status.
Discuss two ways in which this may occur.
Remember no double dipping
Vegetables are high in nutrients such as Vit C that promote immune system function and reduce risk of conditions such as....(disease)
Vegetables are high in fibre and low in energy which decreases the risk of high BMI...link to disease
Vegetables contain antioxidants which decrease the impact of free radicals. This decreases the risk of cancer and CVD
Alcohol abuse in certain communities can be a real issue. In terms of the social model, define intersectoral collaboration and how it could tackle this issue.
Having groups from many sectors, such as government, health and the private sector, working together to achieve a common goal.
Example: Schools, local sports club, governments, community groups working together to educate, send health promotion messages. Positive choices program. Education programs in rural and remote communities.
Using all the action areas of the Ottawa charter, how could you address Road Safety in Australia.
- Build healthy public policy -
- Create supportive environment -
- Strengthen community action -
- Develop personal skills -
- Re orient health services -
I have three children & 1 dog, what are their:
- Names
- Ages
- Dog breed and colour
- Audrey, 4
- Darcy, 7
- Oliver, 10
- Astro, chocolate Labrador