Health & Wellbeing
Identify the 5 dimensions of health within 10 seconds
Physical, mental social, emotional, spiritual
What is meant by social justice?
Social justice relates to fairness within society.
Name the three Federal government initiatives to promote healthy eating
Australian Dietary Guidelines
Australian Guide to Healthy Eating
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Guide to Healthy Eating
Medicare is...
Australia's universal health insurance scheme available to all Australians and individuals from countries with a reciprocal agreement
Identify the five action areas of the Ottawa Charter.
Build healthy public policy
Create supportive environments
Strengthen community action
Develop personal skills
Reorient health services
What should you link to when a question has the word 'health', 'health and wellbeing', 'health outcomes' and 'health status'?
Health - Can link to HWB Characteristic
Health and wellbeing - link to a HWB characteristic don't just name the dimension
Health outcomes - your choice to link to HWB Characteristics and/or Health status indicator
Health status- Indicators e.g. Life expectancy, mortality
When stress levels are low, and a person feels relaxed and positive about themselves and life, one would be experiencing...
Optimal mental health and wellbeing
Alcohol increases the risk of...(identify three).
Chronic conditions such as liver disease
Obesity due to high kilojoules
Relationship breakdown
Mental illness (eg: depression)
Poor judgement and motor control
What is the PBS Safety net?
When a threshold amount of co-payments has been reached on PBS medicines in a calendar year, all additional co-payments following this are at a reduced price.
The purpose of the PBS Safety Net is to keep essential medicines affordable for people who may have high PBS medicine costs.
What is meant by 'old public health'
Old public health refers to the government actions that focused on altering the physical environment to help reduce the spread of infectious diseases, which included the provision of safe water and sanitation, improved housing and work conditions, sewage disposal and improved nutrition.
What two acronyms contribute to the DALY and what do they stand for?
YLL (Years of life lost to prem death) YLD (Years lost due to disability)
Australian Dietary Guideline number 3 is...
Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
Name a health promotion program aimed at improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' health and how it reflects social justice
Social Justice principles: Human Rights, Access, Participation and Equity
Deadly Choices promotes social justice as it seeks to promote equity by working to ensure barriers are overcome so that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples have access to the information and services they need to achieve high levels of health and wellbeing and health status.
It also promotes social justice as it provides access to resources such as healthcare and education in a way that empowers Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples to increase control over their lives and their health
Four services covered by Medicare are...
Doctor consultations
X-rays
Eye tests
Blood and urine tests
Fee-free treatment in public hospitals
List two examples that represent a biomedical approach to health
Examples may include:
• the use of X-rays for diagnosis and treatment
• antibiotics and other medications
• blood tests
• surgery
• transplants
What is this definition:
'Relating to the ability to express emotions and feelings in a positive and appropriate way, including acting with resilience, recognising and understanding a range of emotions and effectively responding and managing these emotions.'
Emotional health and wellbeing
List the 4 out 6 considerations when evaluating healthy eating initiatives
1. Ease of understanding
Visual guides can be useful for those with lower levels of literacy. Resources available in a range of languages can also reach linguistically diverse populations.
2. Access
Being able to access resources free of charge removes financial barriers for individuals and groups. Accessing resources online can remove geographical barriers.
3. Inclusiveness
This relates to all groups within Australia being able to benefit from the initiative. For example, the Australian population consists of a diverse range of cultures and these need to be taken into account to ensure maximum reach.
4. Relevance
Initiatives should work towards a significant need of the community. They should also work towards their stated objectives.
5. Effectiveness
This is the degree to which the program achieves or is expected to achieve its objectives across all population groups
6. Sustainability
This relates to the impacts of the program being able to continue into the future.
Explain how the consumption of dairy is important in the prevention of bone disease.
Dairy contains calcium
Calcium helps to strengthen bones (ossification) and prevents osteoporosis
Examples of dairy include milk, cheese and yoghurt
Two of the four NDIS disability requirements to qualify are:
Likely to be a permanent condition
Impairment substantially reduces ability to participate in activities
Impairment affects capacity for social and economic participation
Likely to require support for your lifetime
Name the features of the biomedical approach to health
1. Focusses on individuals who are ill, not the whole population. Therefore, it does not specifically target disease prevention.
2. Concerned with disease, illness and disability
3. Relies on services provided by doctors, specialists and hospitals;
4. Quick fix approach
5. Relies on technology to diagnose, treat and cure:
Diagnosis is determining the presence of illness or disease through the use of tests. E.g. testing blood pressure, testing contents of blood or urine, ultrasounds, x-rays, pap smear tests.
Treat (including Cure) refers to intervention or the steps taken to control disease or illness. E.g. chemotherapy, prescription of medicines, open-heart surgery, organ transplants.
It is responsible for many developments in medical technology and knowledge and is therefore a key reason for life expectancy increasing significantly over the past 100 years (from around 55 in 1900 to over 80 years today)
Using an example, describe the interrelationships between physical and spiritual health and wellbeing.
Answer must show understanding of aspects of both physical and spiritual health and wellbeing.
Answer must link back to the original dimension to demonstrate understanding of interrelationships.
There are four areas the health system focuses on to promote health and wellbeing
1.Funding
2.Access
3.Sustainability
4.Equity
What are 3 out of 6 features to consider when evaluating an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ initiative
•Is the initiative culturally appropriate?
•Does the initiative reflect the action areas of the Ottawa Charter?
•Has the initiative led to improvements in health and wellbeing?
•Is the initiative addressing a significant health issue for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples?
•Is there a significant number of people who are able to access and take part in the initiative?
•Is the initiative sustainable in terms of funding and impact?
Outline the four incentives the government has created to encourage Australians to take out private health insurance.
Rebate: 10-30% discount on insurance premiums which is income tested.
Lifetime health cover: people who take out cover after the age of 31 pay an extra 2% on their premiums every year. Encourages younger people to take out private health insurance.
Medicare Levy Surcharge: applies to high-income earners who do not have private health insurance. Extra tax of 1-1.5% depending on income. Does not have to be paid if private health insurance is taken out.
Age- based discount: insurers have the option of offering young people aged 18-29 a discount of up to 10 per cent for hospital cover. This discount allows for a 2 per cent reduction in premiums for each year that the person is aged under 30, to a maximum of 10 per cent
Identify one environmental factor, one sociocultural factor and one personal factor
Personal: Willpower and taste preferences, attitudes and beliefs, health and wellbeing factors
Sociocultural: Socioeconomic status, Employment Status, family and peer group and commercial factors
Environmental: Geographic location, workplaces, housing environment, transport