Biological, Sociocultural and Envio Factors
Identify a difference in health status between males and females (using a comparison statement)
Males have (lower life expectancy/higher mortality rates/higher BOD/higher rates of...) compared to females.
Smoking causes faults in cells as they divide increasing the risk of many types of cancer such as lung cancer therefore increasing incidence of lung cancer.
Which model of health focused mainly on the physical environment and grew out of understanding infectious diseases.
Old public health
What Ottawa Charter action area am I? I involve many different groups within the community to engage as many community members as possible in working towards a common goal,
Strengthen community action
Explain how Medicare is funded
Medicare levy
Medicare levy surcharge
General Taxation
Identify an environmental factor that contributes to the difference in health status between males and females
Exposure to dangerous workplaces including: building sites, farms, mines, roads, outdoor areas (UV exposure)
Explain how smoking increases risk of cardiovascular disease.
Which model of health focuses on advancing technology
Biomedical model
Provide two examples of 'building healthy public policy'
Wearing seatbelts
No smoking at sports clubs
GST on fast/junk foods
Plain packaging (smokes)
Speeding
Explain why smoking is a target of health promotion
High burden of disease
Modifiable/behavioural risk factor (i.e. it can be changed)
Linked with high morbidity/mortality rates
High cost to Australia's healthcare system
Maternal tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and maternal nutrition and exposure to certain chemicals, bacteria and viruses during pregnancy - might impact birth weight causing weak immune system and higher rates of U5M, infant mortality, and increase rates of CVD and type 2 diabetes when older.
Other than alcohol being energy dense, how does increased consumption of alcohol contribute to BOD
Alcohol is filtered through the liver and over time can contribute to liver disease which increases YLD due to liver disease, therefore contributing to overall burden of disease
Strength - promotes good health and wellbeing and assists in preventing diseases. Can be cost-effective. Focuses on vulnerable population groups and the broader determinants of health. Focuses on education which can be sustainable for generations.
Limitations - not every condition can be prevented. Does not promote the development of technology and medical knowledge. Health promotion messages can be ignored.
Bad cats smell dad rats. What action areas make up the Ottawa charter.
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environment
- Strengthen community action
- Develop personal skills
- Re orient health services
AGHE is a visual representation of Dietary Guideline #2 (enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from the five food groups every day)
Identify and describe an sociocultural factor that contributes to a difference in health status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
Sociocultural factor - low SES, higher rates of employment, social exclusion, higher rates of food insecurity, early life experiences and lack of access to health care.
Indigenous Australians have (lower life expectancy/higher mortality rates/higher BOD/higher rates of...) compared to non-Indigenous Australians.
What is a high BMI and how does it contribute to YLD due to arthritis in Australia.
High BMI is 25 or more and is a body mass to height ratio. Having a high BMI places extra strain on joints, increasing risk of arthritis therefore increasing YLD due to arthritis.
Outline the relationship between the social model of health and the Ottawa Charter
Social model recommends health promotion initiatives as a way to promote behaviour change and prevent health conditions from occuring.
The OC provides a framework for running effective health promotion programs
To tackle smoking in the community I have done the following:
- Included a smoking unit in my high school health classes which teaches the students about the impact of smoking
- Asked the doctors in the local community to take on an educator role and focus on anti-smoking programs.
- Banned smoking in public places
What Ottawa charter action areas have I taken?
- Develop personal skills
- Re orient health services
- Build health public policy
- Link a disease/illness associated with low fibre to YLL/YLD
- outline the link (a low fibre diet contributes bowel cancer BECAUSE....)
- link to the population: Causing high YLL's associated with early death from bowel cancer to Australia's population
A biological factor is 'blood cholesterol levels - explain how this factor could link to a difference in health status between those living outside of Australia's major cities compared to those living in Australia's major cities.
Those living outside of Australia's major cities are more likely to have higher blood cholesterol compared to those living in Australia's major cities.
Cholesterol is a type of fat required for human functioning, too much of one type of cholesterol 'low density lipoprotein' can lead to atherosclerosis. This can lead to interrupted blood flow which can increase risk of heart attack therefore lowering life expectancy of those living outside of Australia's major cities compared to in Australia's major cities.
Under-consuming vegetables can contribute to variations in health status.
Discuss two ways in which this may occur.
Remember no double dipping
Vegetables are high in nutrients such as Vit C that promote immune system function and reduce risk of conditions such as....(disease)
Vegetables are high in fibre and low in energy which decreases the risk of high BMI...link to disease
Vegetables contain antioxidants which decrease the impact of free radicals. This decreases the risk of cancer and CVD
Alcohol abuse in some communities can be a real issue. Explain how the social and biomedical models of health could work together to reduce the BoD associated with alcohol misuse. Include an example of Reorienting health services
Biomedical: assisting those with long term illness or injury associated with alcohol use. Quick fix, get people well and back to work
Social: preventative/education programs to discourage risky alcohol consumption, or to promote behaviour change when drinking e.g. not drinking and driving or moderating alcohol consumption, e.g. having an alcohol use quiz or checklist at the local sporting club rooms to assess for problematic alcohol use
Using all the action areas of the Ottawa charter, how could you address childhood obesity in Australia.
- Build healthy public policy - sugar tax
- Create supportive environment - breakfast club at school
- Strengthen community action - develop whole school approach to healthy eating
- Develop personal skills - education programs and cooking skills for parents
- Re orient health services - doctor taking on educational role with nutrition and healthy eating plans
The year the PBS was invented
1948