Integrations
Rockefeller used _____ integration by buying out or merging with competing oil companies to consolidate control over the oil refining industry.
Horizontal
Economic idea that government should not interfere with business, letting supply and demand control the market.
Laissez-Faire
Who is the industrialist known for dominating the oil refining industry by consolidating competing companies into Standard Oil?
What term describes the process by which large numbers of people move from rural areas to cities, leading to the growth of urban centers?
Urbanization
What term describes overcrowded and poorly built apartment buildings where many immigrants and working-class families lived in cities during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
(Think of moving from a rural to urban lifestyle in the US).
Tenement Housing.
Which industrialist is best known for using vertical integration by controlling every stage of the steel production process from raw materials to transportation to manufacturing and distribution?
Andrew Carnegie
Union founded by Samuel Gompers, focused on skilled workers, better wages, hours, and working conditions.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Who is the industrialist known for controlling every aspect of steel production, from raw materials to transportation and manufacturing?
Andrew Carnegie
An organized group that controlled political parties in cities, often exchanging favors and jobs for votes.
Political Machine
African American inventor who worked with Edison and Bell; improved the light bulb with a longer-lasting carbon filament.
Lewis Latimer
When a company buys out or merges with competitors producing the same product to control the market.
Horizontal Integration
Steam Engine, Spinning Jenny, Cottin Gin, along with the start of railroads for long distance travel was known as?
1st industrial revolution
Which industrialist played a key role in developing Florida’s east coast by using vertical integration to control railroads, hotels, and land development?
Henry Flagler
Early labor union that welcomed skilled and unskilled workers, women, and minorities; sought broad social reforms.
Knights of Labor
Nationwide railroad strike against wage cuts in the Pullman Company; shut down rail traffic and led to federal intervention.
Pullman Strike
When a company controls every step of production, from raw materials to distribution, to cut costs and maximize profits.
Vertical Integration
Electricity, Automobiles for short travel, Bessemer Steel Process and the telephone are all examples of what history time frame?
2nd Industrial Revolution
Law that banned trusts and monopolies that restrained trade or competition.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Violent labor protest in Chicago that turned deadly after a bomb exploded; hurt the labor movement's reputation.
Haymarket Square Riot (This destroyed the knights of labor because the public associated the union with violence and radicalism, even though the Knights were not directly responsible for the bombing).
The idea that certain groups or individuals are "fitter" to succeed in a competitive world
*Think of industrialist like Carnegie and Rockefeller who took over entire industries"
Social Darwinism
Which of the following best explains how Andrew Carnegie’s use of vertical integration gave him a competitive advantage in the steel industry during the Gilded Age?
A) He merged with other steel companies to eliminate competition and control market prices.
B) He purchased railroads and telegraph companies to expand his communication network.
C) He acquired control over raw materials, transportation, manufacturing, and distribution, reducing costs and increasing efficiency.
D) He relied on government subsidies and tariffs to protect his business from foreign competition.
C
What was the main result of the Bessemer Process in the late 19th century?
A) It increased the cost of steel production and slowed industrial growth.
B) It allowed steel to be produced more quickly and cheaply, fueling industrial expansion.
C) It improved the quality of iron but had little impact on construction.
D) It led to the decline of railroads and the rise of automobiles.
B) It allowed steel to be produced more quickly and cheaply, fueling industrial expansion.
A negative nickname for powerful industrialists (Rockefeller, Carnegie, Morgan) who used ruthless tactics against competitors to amass wealth.
Robber Baron
(Show image of political cartoon big thumb!)
This political cartoon is an example of corruption in New York through political machines!
What was the name of the 1882 law that banned all immigration from China and prevented Chinese immigrants already in the U.S. from becoming citizens?
Chinese Exclusion Act