BILL OF RIGHTS
This amendment protects freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
What is the First Amendment?
This clause prevents Congress from establishing an official religion.
What is the Establishment Clause?
This case ended school segregation and overturned “separate but equal.”
What is Brown v. Board of Education
This amendment is the basis for selective incorporation.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
This clause prohibits states from denying any person equal protection of the laws.
What is the Equal Protection Clause?
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
This clause protects the right to practice religion freely.
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
What is the Free Exercise Clause?
This case required states to provide attorneys to defendants who cannot afford one.
What is Gideon v. Wainwright?
Selective incorporation applies the Bill of Rights to whom?
What are the states?
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination in these two major areas.
What are public accommodations and employment?
This amendment protects against double jeopardy and guarantees due process.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
Speech like libel, slander, and incitement is considered this type of speech.
What is unprotected speech?
This case established Miranda warnings.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
This type of due process requires fair procedures before depriving life, liberty, or property.
What is procedural due process?
This law banned literacy tests and required federal approval of certain state voting changes.
What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
This amendment guarantees a speedy and public trial by jury in criminal cases.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
This case ruled that students do not “shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
This case incorporated the Second Amendment to apply to the states.
What is McDonald v. Chicago?
This doctrine protects certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if procedures are fair.
What is substantive due process?
This level of scrutiny is used when laws classify based on race.
What is strict scrutiny?
This amendment protects against cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail.
What is the Eighth Amendment?
This case involved the Pentagon Papers and limited prior restraint.
What is New York Times v. United States?
This 2023 case struck down race-based affirmative action in college admissions.
What is Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard?
This case originally established a constitutional right to privacy for married couples.
What is Griswold v. Connecticut?
This debate centers on whether the Constitution should be colorblind or allow race-conscious policies.
What is the affirmative action debate?