Axial/App Skeleton
Are the pelvic and pectoral girdles part of the axial or appendicular skeleton?
appendicular skeleton
What are the three structural ways that joints can be classified?
What are the three functional ways joints can be classified?
structural = fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
functional = synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
1. _____ is the thin filament
2. _____ is the thick filament
3. mature muscle cells (myoblasts) cannot divide but ______ cells can divide and regenerate new fibers
1. actin
2. myosin
3. satellite
Put the four steps of muscle contraction in order:
A. Power stroke "pull"
B. Crossbridge formation "attach"
C. Reset myosin head "reset"
D. Release of myosin head "release"
1 - B
2 - A
3 - D
4 - C
1. The ____ is the muscle attachment to the stationary bone.
2. The ____ is the muscle attachment to the moveable bone.
3. The ____ is between attachments.
Word bank: belly, origin, insertion
1. origin
2. insertion
3. belly
List the 5 vertebral columns and how many bones are in each.
What is the disorder called when there is abnormal curvature in your lumbar spine? Thoracic spine?
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), sacrum (1), coccyx (1)
Lordosis, Kyphosis
Sort the types of joints into the correct structural classifications (fibrous, cartilaginous):
symphysis, gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis, synchondrosis
Fibrous: gomphosis, suture, syndesmosis
Cartilaginous: synchondrosis, symphysis
epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
When the muscle contracts...
1. the I band ________
2. the A band _________
3. the H zone _________
I band gets shorter, A band stays the same, H zone gets shorter
1. The _____ is the prime mover.
2. The _____ is the opposite mover.
3. The _____ assists the agonist.
4. The _____ stabilizes/immbilizes the bone.
Word bank: fixator, agonist, synergist, antagonist
1. agonist
2. antagonist
3. synergist
4. fixator
How many craniofacial bones do we have in total, and how many of each?
22 craniofacial bones (skull)
8 cranial, 14 facial
The C1/C2 vertebrae is an example of which of the following types of synovial joints:
A. condyloid
B. plane
C. saddle
D. pivot
pivot joint
1. The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is the ________.
2. The cytoplasm of a muscle cell is the ________.
3. The endoplasmic reticulum of a muscle cell is the ________.
1. sarcolemma
2. sarcoplasm
3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
What does calcium bind to in order for the muscle to contract?
Troponin
Which one of the following muscles is a muscle of respiration?
a. brachioradialis
b. rectus femoris
c. sternocleidomastoid
d. internal intercostals
d. internal intercostals
1. Name the four sutures
2. Name the four sinuses
Sutures = sagittal, frontal, lambdoid, squamous
Sinuses = frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, ethmoidal
Which of the following are friction-reducing features for joints?
A. synovial fluid, tendon sheath, fat pads, bursa, bones
B. joints, synovial fluid, fat pads, bursa, tendon sheath
C. synovial fluid, tendon sheath, fat pads, bursa, menisci
D. bones, synovial fluid, tendon sheath, bursa, air
C. synovial fluid, tendon sheath, fat pads, bursa, menisci
What are the 3 components of the neuromuscular junction?
A. axonal endings, motor end plate of muscle, synaptic cleft
B. nerve, muscle, other stuff
C. axonal endings, nerve signals, motor end plate of muscle
D. synaptic end bulb, motor end plate, ACH receptors
A. axonal endings, motor end plate of muscle, synaptic cleft
Put these steps in the correct order:
A. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released into synaptic cleft
B. Calcium is released: The signal causes the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium (Ca2+).
C. Muscle action potential begins: ACh binds to receptors on the muscle membrane, triggering an electrical signal that travels along the muscle fiber and into the T-tubules.
D. Muscle contracts: Calcium binds to troponin, allowing myosin to bind to actin and pull the filaments past each other, shortening the muscle.
E. Nerve signal arrives: action potential reaches motor neuron.
F. Muscle relaxes: Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, stopping contraction.
E, A, C, B, D, F
Which is not a characteristic used to name muscles?
a. size
b. shape
c. type of fiber
d. location
c. type of fiber
What bone markings are on the bottom of the femur and the top of the tibia? What about the bottom of the tibia/fibula?
What types of bones are these?
condyles, malleolus
long bones
What bones articulate to make the glenohumeral joint?
What bones articulate to make the hip joint?
glenohumeral = humerus and scapula
hip = acetabulum and femur
Put the parts of a muscle in order from largest to smallest:
whole muscle, myofilament, fascicle, myofibril, sarcomere, muscle fiber
The TRIAD is made up of what?
1 ______ and 2 ______
1 T-Tubule and 2 terminal cisternae
All of the following are muscles located on the back except for:
a. latissimus dorsi
b. trapezius
c. infraspinatus
d. teres major
e. serratus anterior
e. serratus anterior