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What is lung compliance, and do you want to increase or decrease it?
How easy it is to inflate the lungs
Increase it
What is it called when there is air in the pleural cavity, and what is the treatment?
Pneumothorax
Chest tubes
What are the fancy terms for inhale and exhale? Which one is active and which one is passive?
Inspiration (active) and Expiration (passive)
What does IRDS stand for?
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
When does surfactant production begin?
Around the last month of gestation
What is it called when there is air and blood in the pleural cavity?
Hemopneumothorax
Surfactant increases lung compliance by how many times?
10x
What is the collapse of lung tissue beyond normal recoil called?
Atelectasis
What is the treatment for a tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
What is it called when there is blood in the pleural cavity, and what is the treatment?
Hemothorax
Chest tubes
What number do you have to make your intrapulmonary pressure be to inhale?
759 mmHg
What is an average residual volume?
2400 mL
What is Boyle’s law?
The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the size of its container (assuming temperature is constant)
What type of cell produces surfactant?
Type II alveolar cells
What is an average tidal volume?
500 mL
Explain how chest tubes work.
They gently suction the air and/or blood out of the pleural cavity over several hours/days
What does surfactant do?
Reduces adhesion/cohesion of water molecules in the alveoli to increase lung compliance
Why are atmospheric partial pressures different from alveolar partial pressures?
Because the tidal volume mixes with the residual volume in the alveoli
What are the 3 main gasses in the atmosphere, and which one is most abundant?
Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide
Nitrogen is most abundant
What is the treatment for IRDS?
Positive pressure ventilation and surfactant
What are the 3 main factors that cause breathing difficulties for premature newborns?
Lack of surfactant
Small non-compliant alveoli
Weak chest wall muscles
Name 4 things that decrease lung compliance.
Lack of surfactant
Fibrosis
Restricted airways
Reduced flexibility of the rib cage
In a needle decompression, does the needle go right above or below the rib, why?
It has to go in on the superior surface because the arteries are on the inferior surface
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Continuous buildup of air in the pleural cavity
What is Dalton’s law?
In a mixture of gasses, each gas exerts a part of the total pressure in proportion to its percentage of the mixture