Demographic Transition
What happens to birth rates and death rates during Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
Birth rates stay high, death rates fall (leads to rapid population growth).
What does a wide base of a population pyramid suggest about a country's birth rate?
population growth).A wide base means high birth rate (lots of young people).
Name one environmental issue caused by overpopulation.
Deforestation, pollution, resource depletion.
Define migration.
Movement of people from one place to another.
What is one government or societal strategy used to reduce rapid population growth?
Family planning, contraceptive access, education programs
What socioeconomic factor can cause a country to move from Stage 2 to Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
Increased access to healthcare and education.
What does a narrow top on a population pyramid indicate about a country's elderly population?
Narrow top = low elderly population or short life expectancy.
Name one economic issue caused by overpopulation.
Unemployment, poverty, strain on resources.
Name one push factor that could cause a person to migrate.
War, famine, natural disaster (push factors).
How does improving women's access to education affect the total fertility rate of a country?
Educated women tend to have fewer children, lowering TFR.
What does Stage 5 of the demographic transition model represent in terms of population trends?
Aging population, low birth rates, population decline.
What is a major population problem that can arise if a country has an inverted population pyramid?
Shrinking workforce, higher dependency burden.
How does overpopulation impact the availability of healthcare services?
Healthcare systems become overwhelmed.
Name one pull factor that could encourage migration into a new country.
Better jobs, safety, higher quality of life (pull factors).
Explain one government policy that encourages families to have more children to address population decline.
Paid maternity leave, tax breaks, child benefits.
Name one country that is currently in Stage 4 of the demographic transition model.
United States, UK, Germany.
What does it mean if a country has a high dependency ratio?
More dependents (children/elderly) = greater strain on workers.
How does rapid population growth impact a country's infrastructure?
Traffic congestion, overcrowded schools, water shortages.
Give one reason why refugees may be forced to leave their home country.
Violence, political persecution, ethnic conflict.
Describe how providing economic incentives, like financial rewards, can influence a country's birth rate.
Financial rewards encourage families to have more children.
Explain the demographic trap and how it relates to Stage 2 of the demographic transition model.
Demographic trap = high birth and death rates trap countries in poverty at Stage 2.
What general shape does a population pyramid for a low-income country typically have, and what does it represent?
Triangle shape = common in LICs.
Explain two ways that overpopulation places strain on the environment.
Deforestation, biodiversity loss, climate change acceleration.
Explain how political instability in a country can drive large-scale migration.
Civil wars, government collapse, fear for safety.
Describe China's one-child policy and explain two major impacts it had on China's demographics.
It limited families to one child, leading to aging population and gender imbalance.