Cephalopods
Name the 4 main species of cephalopods
squid, octopus, cuttlefish, and chambered nautilus
What is the definition of Plankton?
marine organisms that can not swim against the ocean currents
What are the 2 types of fish?
cartilaginous fish and bony fish
What allows fish to reduce drag in the water?
streamlined bodies
What is often a good indicator of feeding and habitat requirements in marine fish?
body form
true or false: Cephalopods are herbivores
false
What is the definition of Nekton?
marine organisms that can swim against ocean currents
What is a countercurrent Exchange mechanism and how is it used in the gills?
when 2 fluids run in opposite directions from each other to maximize exchange, in the gills this allows the exchange of oxygen between water and the blood in the gills
what are the 3 main functional components to swimming?
accelerating, cruising, maneuvering
What are some characteristics of cruising predators?
long and torpedo shaped with fins placed along the body for maneuverability
all the thrusting power in the tail
What do coleoid cephalopods have in their saliva, that helps them capture prey?
toxins, digestive enzymes, neurotoxins
What does demersal mean?
marine organisms that are associated with the bottom of the ocean
What are red muscles used for and how to they help with regulating body temperature in fishes?
rapid contraction, hold more oxygen, movement allows red muscles to store more heat which helps the fish that have evolved to be endothermic
What type of reproduction is the most common in fishes?
oviparous
What are some characteristics of a lie-in-wait predator?
torpedo shaped fins positioned near the tail to help provide sudden thrust necessary to capture prey
What specialized pigment cells help cephalopods change color?
chromatophores
birthing of live young that developed inside the body of the parent
What structures help fish with buoyancy?
swim bladder, liver
Why would understanding fish reproduction be important?
so that we can understand how to maintain wild fish populations
to understand the driving factors that lead to some marine fish population extinction
to be able to grow fish populations in captivity
What are the 2 main types of feeding and give an example of animals that use each?
suction (nurse shark) and ram feeding (basking shark)
What do some cephalopods use to regulate their bouyancy?
gas productions and absorptions
nautilus has chambers in its shell
cuttlefish uses the cuttlebone and osmosis
What does oviparous mean?
producing eggs that are mature and hatch after being expelled from the body
What is the lateral line used for in marine fishes?
it can detect slight disturbances in the water caused by rocks or prey and can aid in navigation
How do most fish swim?
by throwing the body into undulating waves that pass from head to tail
What specialized structure is used by suction feeders to capture smaller prey such as zooplankton?
gill rakers